ACT Practice Tests How to Reflect and Get the Most Out of Them

ACT Practice Tests How to Reflect and Get the Most Out of Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips ACT practice tests can be a great tool in preparing yourself for the real exam. In order for these tests to be worth your time, however, you’ll need to learn to evaluate your mistakes effectively. In this article, I’ll show you the most productive ways to reflect on ACT practice tests so that you can use them to your best advantage. Time-Based Reflection Strategies for Practice Tests It’s crucial that you reflect on your mistakes on practice tests in order to learn from them and improve your scores.First off, regardless of your time constraints, you should always take ACT practice tests under realistic testing conditions.This means appropriate timing, access to materials, and environment (an inconveniently small desk is optional).Print out the practice test; don’t take it on your computer! The only way to be sure that your assessment of your mistakes is accurate is to replicate test day conditions as closely as possible. You may have more or less time to reflect on the results of practice tests, so I’ll give some advice based on how many hours you think you can devote to studying before the ACT. If You Have FewerThan 40 Hours: Students who have less time to study often benefit more from taking practice tests.First, take an initial practice test to get a baseline reading on your score level.After you score the test, you should review your mistakes to see where you have the most problems.If you really messed up on one section or on certain types of questions, you should think about how you can change your strategy to fix your mistakes. If you find yourself running out of time, you might decide to read passages differently (skim instead of reading closely) or make more of an effort to skip difficult questions that are slowing you down.If you see many careless mistakes, you may need to do the opposite and stop yourself from rushing too much and glossing over important aspects of questions.If you have small problems with content that are relatively easy to resolve, you can focus on learning those concepts. Since you don’t have a ton of time, don’t worry about large content gaps that might take a ton of practice to fix. Focus on the mistakes that you can resolve most efficiently.Try not to spend more than four hours on fixing your mistakes.After this, take an additional practice test to see where you stand, and do another basic evaluation of your mistakes. Then you should have time to take at least one more final practice test before the real ACT! Two otters, carefully evaluating their situation. On your practice tests, you OTTER do the same (wow I'm really sorry about this). If You Have 40 to 100 Hours: Just like in the previous plan, you should take an initial practice test, score the test, and mark off all of your wrong answers.With this amount of time, however, you can afford to be a little more specific.For each incorrect answer, you should figure out exactly why you got it wrong so you can make judgments about where you have the most problems on the test.Most mistakes will fall into one of four main categories: Careless Error A careless error is a mistake that makes you facepalm.It’s when you get a question wrong, but you should have easily known the correct answer.Most of the time, this happens because you were rushing too much and didn’t read the question carefully. Content Issue A content issue is when you are missing the basic knowledge that you need in order to answer a question.Most of the time, this happens in the math section if you don’t remember how to solve certain types of problems. When you’re labeling content issue questions, it’s helpful to be specific about what you’re missing.You might say something like â€Å"didn’t know how to calculate angle measurement† or â€Å"forgot formula.† Question Comprehension Issue This is a weird mistake category. It means that the wording of the question was confusing, and you couldn’t figure out what it was actually asking.Usually, these problems can be solved through greater familiarity with the test and reading more closely. This type of mistake is less common on the ACT than on the SAT because questions are asked in a more straightforward manner. Time Issues Mistakes due to time issues usually happen on questions at the end of a section.If you can’t make it to the last few questions and end up leaving them blank or answering randomly, you have problems with time.These types of mistakes can be fixed by modifying your test-taking strategy and getting used to moving more quickly through the sections. Time stops for no one. This image is pure existential dread. Once you’ve categorized all of your mistakes, you can list them in descending order from most common to least common so that you have a good sense of which areas need the most attention. Work towards fixing your mistakes beginning with the ones that you think will be easiest to eliminate. This is a good time to fill in gaps in your content knowledge that were causing you to miss questions.If you struggle with time pressure, you might reevaluate your testing strategy by reading passages a different way or making a point of skipping difficult questions on the first pass through a section. After you’ve spent about five to ten hours fixing your mistakes, you should take another practice test and see how you do.Go through the same process that you did with the first test with your mistakes, and do another round of evaluation and fixing problems.You can then take another practice test to see where you stand, and keep repeating this process until you’re at the level you want or you run out of study time. If you don’t seem to be improving from test to test, you should rethink your test-taking strategies and whether you’re really understanding your mistakes.You may need to get help from a tutor or prep program to get to the bottom of what you’re missing. Practice Testing Strategies for High and Low Scorers Now I’ll give more specific advice on the best ways to approach practice tests for high and low scorers.You’re a high scorer if you’re scoring a 27 or higher consistently, and you’re a low scorer if you’re scoring a 20 or lower consistently. If you're in between those two scores, you can read the advice for both categories and decide which strategies might be most helpful to you based on the types of mistakes you struggle with the most. For example, if careless mistakes make up a big chunk of your incorrect answers, the high scorer advice might be more helpful to you. If time is more of an issue, the low scorer advice may be more relevant to your situation. For High Scorers: Most of the time, high scorers have more problems with careless mistakes on easy questions than anything else.With that in mind, it’s important for you to always double check your work at the end of each section if you have time left.This will prevent you from losing points as a result ofmisreading questions or solving for the wrong value.On math questions, sometimes it’s helpful to underline or circle the value that you need to find so that you don’t lose track of your goal in the midst of the calculations. When you come across a difficult question, make sure that you fully understand what it’s asking. Don’t rush through it!Rushing too much can lead you to perform worse overall than you would have if you slowed down a bit and answered more deliberately (even if you don't get to every questiondue to time pressure).This is why it’s sometimes a good idea to answer all the easy questions first and then go back for the more difficult ones.You’ll feel less time pressure on hard questions and able to think clearly. For Low Scorers: If you’re a low scorer, skipping difficult questions is one of the most important test-taking strategies for you.Many low scorers suffer from issues with time pressure because they get stuck on questions that give them trouble. You can avoid this by taking one pass through each section initially where you focus solely on easy questions and ignore any that confuse you. On the Reading and Science sections, you will need to look at the questions in groups because they correspond to different passages. For each set of questions, skim the passage first and then answer the relevant questions that come easily to you. If you find yourself spending more than 30 seconds on one question, move on. After you do this, you can allow yourself to spend more time on difficult questions since you’ve already locked down the questions that are a sure bet.With this strategy, you won’t be missing questions at the end of sections that should have been easy for you.You also won’t waste too many valuable minutes of your time on questions that you can’t figure out. Whether you’re a high or low scorer, it’s often helpful to treat the test like a game or a race where you’re trying to score as many points as possible as quickly as you can.This will make the whole experience feel less boring and pointless (pun intended). You might find that when you introduce this element of competition, you’re more energized and can answer questions more efficiently. The ACT is just like this except it has words and there's no physical activity involved! Conclusion It's important that you take the time to go over your mistakes on ACT practice tests so that you can figure out which types of errors are causing you to lose the most points. If you're aware of your mistakes, you will have the power to prevent yourself from repeating them in the future. Depending on how much time you have, you might be more or less meticulous in this process. Even if you only have a little bit of time before the test, you can still take one or two practice tests and fix your more superficial mistakes. Even small changes to your strategy can make a big difference in your scores! High and low scorers tend to make different types of mistakes on the ACT, so there are certain test-taking strategies that are more applicable to students who fit into each of these categories. Most people will struggle at least a little with time. Make sure you're not rushing or spending too much time on difficult questions before you get through the whole section. Learning how to reflect on your practice tests effectively is a crucial aspect of studying for the ACT. Taking an honest and thorough survey of your mistakes is the best way to reach your score goals on the real test. What's Next? Not sure how to formulate an effective study plan? Learn more abouthow long you should study for the ACT in order to reach your score goal. Is online studying more your style? Here are the best ACT prep websites you should be using.Don't forget to supplement with printed practice tests! If you're interested in using books to help direct your studying, read our 2015 guide to the best ACT prep books. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Seaweed, Kelp and Other Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

Seaweed, Kelp and Other Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) Brown algae are  the largest, most complex type of marine algae and get their name from their brown, olive, or yellowish-brown color, which they get from the pigment  called  fucoxanthin.  Fucoxanthin is not found in other algae or plants like red or  green algae, and as a result, brown algae are in the Kingdom Chromista. Brown algae are often rooted to a stationary structure such as a rock, shell or dock by structures called holdfasts, although species in the genus Sargassum are free-floating. Many species of brown algae have air bladders which help the blades of the algae float toward the ocean surface, allowing for maximum sunlight absorption. Like other algae, the distribution of brown algae is broad, from tropical to polar zones, but brown algae can be found in intertidal zones, near coral reefs, and in deeper waters, with a NOAA study noting them at 165 feet in the Gulf of Mexico. Classification of Brown Algae The taxonomy of brown algae can be confusing, as brown algae can be classified into the Phylum Phaeophyta or Heterokontophyta, depending on what you read. Much information on the subject refers to brown algae as phaeophytes, but according to AlgaeBase, the brown algae are in the Phylum Heterokontophyta and Class Phaeophyceae. About 1,800 species of brown algae exist. The largest, also among the most well-known, is kelp. Other examples of brown algae include seaweeds in the genus Fucus commonly known as rockweed, or wracks, and the genus Sargassum, which form floating mats and are the most prominent species in the area known as the Sargasso Sea, which is in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean. Kelp, Fucales, Dictyolaes, Ectocarpus, Durvillaea Antarctica, and Chordariales are all examples of brown algae, but each belongs to a different classification determined by individual attributes and features of each. Natural and Human Uses of Brown Algae Kelp and other brown algae provide a number of health benefits when consumed by both humans and animals alike; brown algae are eaten by herbivorous organisms such as fish, gastropods and sea urchins, and Benthic (bottom-dwelling) organisms also utilize brown algae such as kelp when pieces of it sink to the sea floor to decompose. Humans find a variety of commercial uses for these marine organisms. Brown algae are used to produced alginates, which are used as food additives and in industrial manufacturing- common uses include food thickeners and fillers as well as stabilizers for the ionization process of batteries. According to some medical research, several chemicals found in brown algae can work as antioxidants, which are thought to prevent damage to the human body. Brown algae can also be used as a cancer suppressant as well as an anti-inflammatory and immunity booster.   These  algae provide not only food and commercial utility; they also provide valuable habitat for certain species of marine life as well as significantly offsetting carbon dioxide emissions through photosynthesis processes of certain populous species of kelp.

Religion - Lumen Gentium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion - Lumen Gentium - Essay Example Only the religion or churches can help us with convincing answers when science fails. Science always makes judgements based on observable or measurable evidences. Unlike religion or churches, science will never accept any principles which are based on beliefs. Many of the traditional church beliefs were questioned by science. In order to counter the attacks from science, contemporary churches made certain changes in their beliefs. I would like to analyse the future of churches, strengths and weaknesses of churches now, the role of churches in developing peace, compassion, hospitality, justice, etc on the basis of first two chapters of lumen gentium solemnly promulgated by Pope PAUL VI on November 21, 1964 â€Å"The Church, in Christ, is in the nature of sacrament--a sign and instrument, that is, of communion with God and of unity among all people† (DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH LUMEN GENTIUM - PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964). We are living in an era of globalization at present. Globalization principles ask us to work for the progress of entire population in the world rather than the growth of a particular community or group of people. The first chapter of lumen gentium stressed the importance of unity of people much before the introduction of globalization. Church urged its believers to unite in the name of God. A common platform is required for people to work together for a common aim. All the people like to attain salvation and only the religion or churches talk about the ways of attaining salvation. Neither politics, nor philosophy succeeded in bringing people together under one umbrella. Under such circumstances, I strongly believe that churches may succeed in future in bringing people together in the Holy Communion with God. â€Å"All men are called to the union with Christ, who is the light of the world, from whom we go forth, through whom we live, and towards whom our whole life is directed† (DOGMATIC CO NSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH LUMEN GENTIUM - PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964). Current churches have lot of strengths and weaknesses. In fact churches are the only entity which gives the believers some hope about another life after death. Science failed miserably in unveiling the mysteries surrounding our spirit or soul. Science educates us that souls or spirit is the driving force of our body. However, it failed to explain what will happen to the soul after death. Only the churches have the answer to that question which is the major strength of the current churches over science. On the other hand, there are different churches and different beliefs in this world even though all of them accept Jesus Christ as their savior. â€Å"The head of the body of church is Christ. He is the image of the invisible God and in him all things came into being. He is before all creatures and in him all things hold together† (DOGMATIC CONSTITUTION ON THE CHURCH LUMEN G ENTIUM - PROMULGATED BY HIS HOLINESS POPE PAUL VI ON NOVEMBER 21, 1964). When Jesus remains as the head of all the churches, it is illogical for churches to spread different beliefs in the name of Jesus. Jesus taught us the ways of attaining salvation; but the current churches are trying to misinterpret it in different ways. For example, Pentecost churches urge its believers to take one more baptism for attaining salvation whereas other catholic and protestant churches do not advice baptism other than child baptism for getting salvation. This discrepancy in teachings if often creates problems for the contemporary churches. In short, wrong interpretation of the Jesus’ teachings is the major drawbacks of current churches. Current churches

The Egyptian Revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Egyptian Revolution - Research Paper Example The daily existence of living in Egypt has been a bad dream where the only thing that is real is poverty, fear, cruelty, and corruption. There is no real education or work; it is all socially connected and related to corruption. One must follow the regime, never speaking out about what is seen, heard, or experienced. There are no human rights, no sense of right or wrong, no rules, just the consequences of corruption; a sick game of roulette. A person can only rise as far as what is allowed by the regime, for as long as is needed for the purpose to be served. On the surface, all appears to be well under control; the people have what they want, and all is well. On January 25, 2011, a scream erupted from the small country of Egypt that was heard around the world, â€Å"Mubarak must go!† (Tadros, 2011) The people of Egypt watched closely as Tunisia quickly removed their source of misery; it was a spark of hope for all those oppressed by corrupt regimes throughout the Middle East. Egyptians were tired of living under a corrupt government that made survival impossible; tired of police brutality, tired of the intense suffering that made daily living just another day to wait for death to come in sweet relief. The people of Egypt had reached a point where they were basically unable to survive under the current regime, police brutality had killed many innocent civilians; it was the monster lurking in the dark for every Egyptian. It was discovered that the New Year’s Day bombing of a Coptic church in Alexandria, where 21 people were killed was actually masterminded by the Police Minister, Ali Habib. The people were tired of being targets for this sick regime that enjoyed making it appear that it was a religious issue as another clash between Copts and Muslims. The truth was out; it was the regime that continues to cause and feed the problems between the Muslims and the Christians. The current regime had killed so many innocent people that a few more deaths wouldn’t matter; especially if those deaths could somehow make a drastic change to bring an end to the horror within Egypt. The voice of the people said, â€Å"Let freedom ring!† (Awad & Dixon, 2011) It is the right of every human being to be able to live a productive life by providing for themselves and their families; no one should have to live in fear and suffering just to appease a sick regime. Egypt has done the right thing in taking the chance to make a change in order to bring relief and freedom to its people. As a result, many other countries in the Middle East have begun to speak out against their governments for freedom and human rights too. Egypt will possibly lead the way for democracy to finally reach that part of the world. It all began six years earlier when three Egyptian men; a physician, a chemist, and an engineer, had expatriated to London and begun to meet to discuss civil disobedience under the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi. They slowly built a network of support on social networking sites that gave them a following in Egypt. A combination of the Tunisian Revolution one month earlier, plus the social media network coverage and discussions, gave the people the courage to do something about their misery. January 25th is celebrated as Police Day in Egypt; a time to show support and appreciation for whatever protection the police have given the people. However, this year, the people

Investigate difference of the Scape organisation and the Colchester Assignment

Investigate difference of the Scape organisation and the Colchester Institute - Assignment Example But it is not rigid just like the typical company. Because it caters to student’s it is less formal. Organizationally, it also partners with architectural firm to build good design such as Stephen Marshall Architects. Scape is a nice place. They promote the culture of camaraderie. It is also student oriented. Meaning, it is designed for students as well as priced for students. They promote caring and good accommodation. It is also creative. It has common places like receiving area, in some areas balcohny so it promote friendship among the tenants. In a way it is an extension of a school of university. Scape’s vision and mission statement is expressed on its core belief â€Å"that developing long-term relationships engenders a spirit of sharing and partnership, delivering exceptional results. Managing the entire life cycle of each asset to ensure the best levels of service for students, Scape plays a vital role in the key elements of Design, Build, Operate and Finance† (Scapeliving.com). Colchester Institute on the other hand calls their vision and mission â€Å"Strategic ambitions† and is centered more on vocational learning that would be later used in employment. For example â€Å"To become a  community nucleus  responding to local need and establishing  productive partnershipswith employers, key community leaders, and local providers of other educational and non-educational services to help drive  economic development† and â€Å"to create an organisational culture which recognises and develops the  skills, expertise  and  commitmentof  College staff, as reflected in today’s most effective workplaces†

Coping Mechanism For Stress Management Psychology Essay

Coping Mechanism For Stress Management Psychology Essay Modern life is full of hassles, deadlines, frustrations, and demands. For many people, stress is so commonplace that it has become a way of life. Stress isnt always bad. In small doses, it can help you perform under pressure and motivate you to do your best. But when youre constantly running in emergency mode, your mind and body pay the price. You can protect yourself by recognizing the signs and symptoms of stress and taking steps to reduce its harmful effects. (1, 3) We generally use the word stress when we feel that everything seems to have become too much we are overloaded and wonder whether we really can cope with the pressures placed upon us. (3) Basically, stress is the unconscious preparation to fight or flee with the situation that a person experiences when faced with any demand, triggered by stressors causing strain or distress. So any strain that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress.(5) Some stresses get you going and they are good for you without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However, when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad. (1, 3, 8) Then there are basically three issues: Stress Identification Stress Segregation (among positive and negative stressors) Stress Management Signs and symptoms of stress overload The following table lists some of the common warning signs and symptoms of stress. The more signs and symptoms you notice in yourself, the closer you may be to stress overload. Cognitive Symptoms Memory problems Inability to concentrate Poor judgment Seeing only the negative Anxious or racing thoughts Constant worrying Physical Symptoms Aches and pains Diarrhea or constipation Nausea, dizziness Chest pain, rapid heartbeat Loss of sex drive Frequent colds Coping mechanism for stress management Stress is a fact of everyday life but it all depends on our perception about stressors. We may be motivated and invigorated by the events in our lives, or we may see some as stressful and respond in a manner that may have a negative effect on our health and well-being.(3, 8) So one can think about the positive ways by which one can currently manage and cope with stress in the life.(2, 4) Thus there are two possible way outs from distress or strain one is unhealthy ways and the other is healthier ways to cope up with stress which are as follows:- Unhealthy ways of coping with stress These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage in the long run: Smoking Drinking too much Overeating or under eating Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities Using pills or drugs to relax Sleeping too much Procrastinating Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical violence) (5, 7) Healthier ways to manage stress If your methods of coping with stress arent contributing to your greater emotional and physical health, its time to re-think and to find out healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to manage and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, its helpful to think of the four As: Avoid, Alter, Adapt, or Accept. (6, 8) These four As can be grouped into two categories: Change the situation: Avoid the stressor. Alter the stressor. Change your reaction: Adapt to the stressor. Accept the stressor. 1: Avoid unnecessary stress Not all stress can be avoided, and its not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate. Learn how to say no Avoid people who stress you out Take control of your environment Avoid hot-button topics Pare down your to-do list 2: Alter the situation If you cant avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to change things so the problem doesnt present itself in the future. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life. Express your feelings instead of bottling them up Be willing to compromise. Be more assertive. Manage your time better.(2,5) 3: Adapt to the stressor If you cant change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude. Reframe problems Look at the big picture. Adjust your standards. Focus on the positive. Adjusting Your Attitude 4: Accept the things you cant change Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You cant prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, its easier than railing against a situation you cant change. Dont try to control the uncontrollable. Look for the upside. Share your feelings. Learn to forgive. There could be two additional stress management strategies which are as follows: 5: Make time for fun and relaxation Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, youll be in a better place to handle lifes stressors when they inevitably come. (7) Healthy ways fun and relaxation Go for a walk. Spend time in nature. Call a good friend. Sweat out tension with a good workout. Write in your journal. Take a long bath. Light scented candles. Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea. Play with a pet. Work in your garden. Get a massage. Curl up with a good book. Listen to music. Watch a comedy. Dont get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury. (4) Set aside relaxation time. Connect with others. Do something you enjoy every day. Keep your sense of humor. 6: Adopt a healthy lifestyle You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health. Exercise regularly. Eat a healthy diet. Reduce caffeine and sugar. Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Get enough sleep. If you ask what the single most important key to longevity is, I would have to say it is avoiding worry, stress and tension. And if you didnt ask me, Id still have to say it.- George F. Burns, Beloved American Comedian, 1896-1996.(5, 6, 7) Stress is fact of everyday life so we must learn how to turn stress into bliss. Just by understanding ourselves and our reaction to stress-provoking situations, we can learn to handle stress more effectively. Adopting the right attitude can convert a negative stress into a positive one. Hans Selye, Father of stress,

Change :: Expository Essays

Change Change is inevitable. Just when you become adjusted to your surroundings, something changes. Stability does not last forever. In the article Shadow Cities by Andre Aciman, the aspect of change is looked at by the viewpoint of an exile. From his first attempt to deal with change to his final acceptance, Aciman describes in an abundance of ideas, what he is feeling throughout this process. After leaving Alexandria as an exile, Aciman came to call Manhattan, or more precisely Straus Park his home. But Straus Park is not just one place. It is a multitude of different places coming together to form a rather dingy, grubby park with park. Straus Park is whatever you want it to be. It can be far off destinations such as Paris or a small place in one’s imagination. Whatever the place, it creates a bit of stability. When Aciman walked by the Park one day, he realized that it was in ruins. Assuming that the city of Manhattan was closing the park, he began to contemplate what this change meant to him. He began to realize â€Å"that even if I don’t disappear from a place, places disappear from me.† New York became his home not because it was where he wanted to be but because he led him to new places. Through Straus Park, he met a variety of people each with their own story that eventually added to Aciman story. By sitting on the park benches usually covered with bird droppings, he encountered people and dreamt of unknown places he wanted to go. After a while of contemplating, Aciman realized that he did not want to go to these places but was satisfied living the life he was living. The statue that helped him through his adaptation to America was soon replaced. However, whereas he thought he was a statue of a

Human digestion Essay

The salivary glands are the first to react in the digestive process, which are usually triggered by either the sight or the smell of food. Food enters the digestive tract through the mouth where the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands help moisten and break down the food within minutes. The food then becomes something called a bolus, which will travel through the pharynx, then through the esophagus, and into the stomach. As the food travels through the pharynx the epiglottis is in place to prevent food from entering the lungs. Once the bolus enters the stomach it is broken down with acid secretions. The food is partially digested within the stomach. The bolus then becomes chyme (a semiliquid food). Chyme usually leaves the stomach during a time frame of 2-6 hours. The small intestine is where most of the digestion and nutrient absorption takes place with the help of secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine consists of three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Anything that is not absorbed in the small intestine then enters the large intestine travelling through the sphincter. The sphincter prevents any of the remaining food from re-entering the small intestine. The large intestine is made up of two major parts: the colon and the rectum. The colon aids in the absorption of leftover water, vitamins, or minerals. Anything left over after this process is considered waste product (feces) and is then excreted from the body via the anus, which is attached to the colon. Reference Human Digestion Activity. Retrieved August 21, 2009 from http://corptrain.phoenix.edu/axia/sci241/sci241-digestivetract.html

Role of AfroCubans in the War of Independence essays

Role of AfroCubans in the War of Independence essays What distinguished the final War of Independence (1895-1898) from the earlier Ten Years' War (1868-1878) and the short-lived Guerra Chiquita (1879-1880) was the war's success throughout the majority of the island, the final ousting of the Spanish through the American intervention, the espousal of an egalitarian ideology by a radical multiracial military leadership, and the iconization of the war's two most revered heroes: Jos Martà ­ and Antonio Maceo. As has been documented, the aims of the liberation were modified when elite Cuban planters joined the insurgent cause beginning in 1896 and brought their social agenda to bear on the civil wing of the separatist cause (Prez 1983:125). The liberation army under Mximo Gmez, however, sought to eliminate the very socio-economic basis of Cuban society by razingl the sugar plantations as a means towards creating a more egalitarian society. While the division between the civilian and the military was in fact a deciding factor for the fina l outcome of the war and led to the intervention of the United States, the tension between the two wings has gathered too much attention at the expense of examining how class and racial conflicts before the final war were the source of later divisions among the separatists (Ferrer 1995:283). By discussing the historiography of Afro-Cuban nationalist discourse, a mythologized vision of nationalist unity emerges which was reproduced and interpreted differently by diverse segments of the separatist front, but nonetheless served to mobilize vast numbers of Afro-Cubans against the Spanish in an unprecedented display of force. Afro-Cubans participated in greater numbers during the final war, and while there were divisions among them as well, a majority of these former slaves on the rebel side shared a nationalist vision for a freer, more egalitarian Cuba (Helg 1995:44). The source of this vision can be located in their struggle ...

Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning Introduction This theory is also referred to as instrumental conditioning or Skinnerian conditioning theory. This theory was coined by B.F. Skinner. Skinner was a behaviorist from Harvard. He proposed this theory in the twentieth century. This theory was however, based on the law of effect by Thorndike (Linskie 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operant Conditioning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To study behavior, Skinner had to conduct scientific experiments in laboratories. Rats were used as specimens in his experiments. They would be placed in a box known as the Skinner box. Both Skinner and Thorndike used boxes in their studies. Thorndike’s box was known as the puzzle box (Leonard 2002). In order to study behavior effectively, the behaviorist’s had to make certain assumptions. Behaviorist believed psychology is a science, and as such, to study psychology, it would involve use of experiments. Behaviorists also believed that behavior can only be observed. They also believed that learning is similar in both humans and animals. Operant conditioning is a learning model through which people are rewarded or punished for their behavior. This means that for every behavior, there is a consequence. The theory attempts to change behavior by using either reinforcement or punishment. After conducting thorough research, Skinner came up with three types of responses that he observed from his experiments (Linskie 2005). Punishers This can be described as responses that discourage behavior from being repeated. This will help kill behavior. Reinforcement These are events that encourage behavior to be repeated. Reinforcement according to Skinner can either be positive or negative. Neutral operant These responses seem not to encourage or discourage behavior.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Positive and negative reinforcement Reinforcement is that event that seeks to encourage the occurrence of a behavior. Reinforcement is said to strengthen behavior. To study reinforcement, Skinner used rats and the Skinner box. The cage had a lever. Whenever the rat touched the lever, a food pellet would drop (Linskie 2005). Within no time the rat had learnt that by touching the lever, it would be able to get food. In another study, a rat would be placed in a Skinner box. In this case an electric current was introduced in the box. This was supposed to cause discomfort to the rat. As the rat ran in the box, it would touch a lever that would switch off the electric current. After repeating the experiment severally, Skinner noted that immediately the rat was placed in the box it would go straight to the lever and touch it (Leonard 2002). Positive reinforcement This seeks to encourage the occurrence of a behavior or trait. For each behavior, there is a consequence. A good exampl e is when a parent promises his or her child money if they got good grades. The child is likely to perform better by working hard to get good grades. Negative reinforcement Unpleasant consequences or events can also help strengthen behavior. Unlike positive reinforcement where actions are rewarded here the vice versa happens. A good example is when a parent agrees with his or her child that if they fail to get good grades they will pay the parent a certain amount of money. The negative consequence will make the child work hard as they would not want to pay the agreed sum of money to their parents. After carefully looking at both the positive and negative reinforcement, I would conclude that negative reinforcement is the most effective. In the case of positive reinforcement, if the child does not get good grades he or she will not lose anything. But in negative reinforcement, the child has no option but to work hard and get good grades. This makes negative reinforcement most effectiv e compared to positive reinforcement. Applying the operant behavior to shape behavior Students normally tend to be notorious by not completing their assignments on time. This is because some of them are lazy or are usually doing other things instead of doing their homework. This behavior should be discouraged. This is because handing in the assignments late robs the tutor enough time to mark the assignments. The tutor is usually forced to look for alternative time or even work overtime to complete marking the assignments. To change this behavior, I would create a reinforcement schedule. This would encourage the students to change their behavior and be submitting their assignments in time. To do this, I would employ a system whereby the students would be liable to pay 5 dollars every time they submitted their assignments late. Students would be submitting their assignments in time to avoid paying this amount.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Operant Condition ing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Operant conditioning theory can be used to change behavior. By either using positive or negative reinforcement, we can be able to encourage or discourage a certain trait that we desire. By employing this theory proposed by Skinner we would be able to shape behavior. This can be done by either rewarding or punishing behavior. Studies have shown that operant conditioning is the most suitable learning model that can be used to change behavior in both humans and animals. References Leonard, D. C. (2002). Learning theories, A to Z. Westport, Conn.: Oryx Press. Linskie, R. (2005). The learning process: theory and practice. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.

Collaborative Research Discussion Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Collaborative Discussion - Research Paper Example Focus topic 1: Creating a system Article 1: Hiring for the organization, not the job The article by Bowen, Ledford, and Nathan discusses a new hiring model that focuses on organizational fit and not on job fit. It explains the involved process in the new hiring model and its application in an organization, and projects a wide future application of the model. The article identifies concepts of workforce planning as a best practice to human resource management because the established hiring strategy employs analytical approaches that identifies organizational needs and develops an outline for finding a suitable employee. Consequently, it facilitates understanding of an organization’s context and a plan for effective creation of an effective human resource base (Bowen, Ledford and Nathan 37- 40; Harris 15). Focus topic 2: Maintaining a system Article 2: How to get supervisors to sell safety The article discusses approaches to empowering supervisors to ensure effective application of safety measures. Its scope promotes employees’ safety in their working environment and therefore contributes to maintenance of an effective and efficient human resource base (Johnson 1). ... The article therefore establishes a basis for enforcing organizational safety measures through employees’ adherence to safety standards and helps in maintaining a regular workforce (Johnson 1; Harris 19). Article 3: Reward and compensation systems The article identifies approaches to reward and compensation, constructs of the reward and compensation approaches and effects of the strategies. Based on â€Å"strategic compensation theory,† the article identifies personal efforts, group initiatives, human capital, a person’s level in an organizational structure, and market trends as some of the widely applied approaches to compensation and reward that motivates employees (Howard and Dougherty 43). The article’s features that relates to maintenance of human resource system are the bases of each reward strategy and the effects that the strategies have on employees. Established attachment between a reward and aspects of human resource such as efforts, unity, and employees’ value, for example, identifies a relationship between rewards and reward systems and sustaining achieved employee characteristics. Effects of the strategies that encourages features of a human resource system also ensures that a developed system maintains its output level, corporation, â€Å"skills and flexibility,† (43) and record minimal mobility rate (Howard and Dougherty 41- 49). Focus topic 3: Improving a system Article 4: Designing management and development for competitive advantage: Lessons from the best The article reviews effects of employee training and development on improving and sustaining organization’s ability to compete in their markets. Its application of benchmark organizations identifies success in training and development initiatives and therefore promotes the practices

Ethical Enalysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Enalysis - Essay Example AFP solved the issue by superimposing a digitally created AFP logo over the VyT sign, thereby blocking it out. This paper analyses the above case study with respect to different ethical theories, like Kantianism, Utilitarianism and Social contract theory. Kantian views of ethics can be summarized as follows; â€Å"What a person should do and what a person wants to do are often not compatible. Doing what one wants to do would usually bring immediate gratification/happiness, but might not benefit the person in the long run. On the other hand, doing what one should do may cause immediate discomfort/unhappiness, even if it is good for the person† (Maccarelli, 2006) Kant identifies imagination as the very root of finite reason. He believed that reasons are subjective in most of the cases. (Rockmore, 2000) It is not necessary that the â€Å"rights† of a person might be the â€Å"right† of other as well. We are living in a society which consists of different people engaged in different activities having different beliefs as well. But in order to live in a society, man should follow certain norms of the society. These norms may not be always viable for a person for his own selfish interests. The society can think in term s of the general well-being of the communities rather than the individual comfort. In the given case study, AFP’s action may bring immediate success to the company. But in the long run such things may not provide any goods either to the company or to the society in which the company is operating. AFP has given the right of telecasting the actual things happened on the specific location during the occasion. In a live show, they have no moral right to alter things or the environment. Editing can be done in television programs but not is reality shows or live programs. If the television companies try to manipulate things in their