Ethical Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Issues in Business - Essay Example Likewise, the working definition from the ISO 26000 Working Group on Social Responsibility (2007) was noted as: â€Å"Social responsibility (is the) responsibility of an organisation for the impacts of its decisions and activities on society and the environment through transparent and ethical behaviour that is consistent with sustainable development and the welfare of society; takes into account the expectations of stakeholders; is in compliance with applicable law and consistent with international norms of behaviour; and is integrated throughout the organization† (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2007, p. 4). When apparently asked by the area’s food bank for donation of day-old products, it was noted that management declined making any donation for the reasons that it could be a precursor for potential lost revenues which could be due to possible fraud and stealing by employees who might say they are donating the food. These statements are indicative of management’s narrow perspectives that focus on negative insights and unsubstantiated claims. In no way is corporate social responsibility being exemplified and manifested by Company Q by opting to throw the food instead of having other community members benefit from their products. To improve on Company Q’s attitude toward social responsibility, the organization’s management team must be apprised that organizations that actively implement and practice corporate social responsibility (CSR) by integrating CSR activities within their policies and philosophies, were found to be more productive and financially successful (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2007). As such, the following recommendations are suggested: (2) Address any perceived potential fraud or stealing through enforcing stricter control measures that could easily detect violations of trust and applying sanctions through the organization’s code of

How war dehumanizes people Essay Example for Free

How war dehumanizes people Essay During the war people were deprived of their everyday necessities and also their living conditions, They never got the luxury of sleeping in big warm clean beds or even clean clothes therefore changing the way they act and the way look at things such as murder. During the war you go through the trenches and fields watching people die, and even killing people themselves. Everyday people would not be able to just sit there and watch someone as they slowly die. The narrator of this novel, Charles Yale Harrison was enlisted in the war. Charles explained everything that went on during is outings, some of which were pretty harsh and intense I could only imagine some of the things that he probably was not allowed saying. Charles had a few main buddies whom stuck by his side and fought with him. In this novel he tells us the things he saw some of the things he explained were pretty gory, for example he watched people as their flesh tore off and blood gushed everywhere. War definitely dehumanizes people for the most part. Soldiers don’t have as much sympathy for the people who are dying it’s almost as if they really don’t care but being that must be kind of necessary for a soldier because you can’t really sit there and cry over a friend who is dying while your enemies were slowly creeping up on your base. During war you do things you never thought you could ever do in your lifetime such as stabbing someone in the stomach or shooting a man in the face. â€Å"I lunge forward aiming at his stomach. It is a lightning instinctive moment. The thrust jerks my body; something heavy collides with the point of my weapon.† Charles says. I doubt Charles would have ever been able to do this without spending months in war, with the same platoon and even watching them all slowly die.

History of the Potato Famine

History of the Potato Famine Treavor Hoffman Collen Seguin The Potato Famine Between the years of 1845 and 1850 over a million-people died of either disease, hunger or fever throughout Ireland. The Irish believed that nature was a main cause but so were the British, English and the rest of Europe. The main cause of all these deaths is what we have all typically heard and learned about and that is the potato blight or otherwise known as the potato famine. So many people died because the potato was such a big part of the Irish consumption and when you run out of something that was highly relied upon, and have very few other sources, it results in very bad outcomes. Aside from the disease that affected the crop, the other causes that contributed to such a major drop in population and death can be attributed to the lack of support from the British and English. They were the ones who caused the hunger and catastrophe throughout Ireland. Let us first talk about the history of Ireland and the potato. The population of Ireland increased rapidly from the early seventeenth century. In 1600 it was just over a million: by 1841 it had risen to something over 8 million (Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 11). So, over a 200-year span Ireland saw a huge growth in their population and were not fully prepared for it. As for the potato, it was first discovered in South America in the year 1537 by Spain and was brought back to Europe and gradually spread throughout. There are a couple of stories in how it made its way to Ireland. The first is that the potato washed ashore from the wreckage of the Spanish Armada in 1589. The other story is that an explorer named Sir Walter Raleigh brought the potato from one of his expeditions. The potato was an easy crop to grow and could grow in some of the poorest conditions making it very suitable for the Irish to raise because it was cheap and could be very plentiful (newworldencyclopedia.org). Now that we know a little about the Irish and how the potato got to Ireland, let us talk about the causes and factors of the famine. The big reason of course was the potato blight. Researchers dont know exactly how the potato blight was caused or where it came from. Before the massive potato blight there were many other failures of the potato that we dont typically hear about. Throughout the time the potato had been in Ireland it had seen around 20 other failures. But between the years of 1845 and 1850 the entire country was suffering from crop failure making it impossible for anyone to thrive. According to a chart in the book The Irish Famine in the early 1840s there was a total of about 15,000 tons worth of potatoes being grown. Then from the years 1847-1856 that number dropped to 4,423 tons and dropped even more to 3,407 tons between the years of 1857-1866 (Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 53). Two thirds of the workforce were dependent on agriculture in the 1840s while only one in seven of the population lived in towns and cities ( Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 52). The average amount of potatoes the average adult male ate pre-famine was around fourteen pounds worth, eleven pounds for women and children older than eleven, and almost five pounds worth for children under eleven. This shows us that much of the population in Ireland was reliant on this one food source and when it was gone or full of disease, many people died or became ill. The Irish famine caused many deaths and saw many emigrants. There was a total of about a million people who died due to the famine and another million who ended up leaving Ireland in search for a better way of life. Life for those who stayed was brutal and desolate. One good thing though is that when so many people left it gave opportunities for other farmers to work their land and make a profit (Toibin and Ferriter). Considerably one of the biggest reasons so many people died wasnt because the potatoes ran out and were gone but because Englands long running political dominance over Ireland. The Irish had been bullied and conquered many times by the English. They also seized much of the agriculture land which wasnt given back to the Irish. The English hired their own kind of farmers to manage the land and do all the upkeep. These same managers would then rent out the small plots of land to farmers in exchange for labor and cash. This ended up leading to higher rent prices and a plummet in the Irish economy. In a typical tenancy like this it can be effective and benefit both parties but in this case the Irish had zero rights to the land they farmed.ÂÂ   The only place that wasnt as bad were the areas high in Protestants. These were the only areas that the farmers could make any profit from what they were doing. The Irish suffered from many famines under English rule. Like a boxer with both arm s tied behind his back, the Irish could only stand and absorb blow after blow. It took the many circumstances of English policy to create the knockout punch and ultimate answer to the Irish question (mises.org). The British did not care one way or the other of what would happen to Ireland. They found them to be disgusting and referred to them as ape like. Aside from not only having to grow the potatoes the Irish also had to eat them and so did their livestock. They would feed the livestock their peelings because they did not eat that part. As for people, they did not have to many ways to make the potatoes. Most of the time it consisted of just some cabbage, butter, milk, and salt thrown in to help with the flavor and texture (Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 49) . As for the cooking of the potato they would just boil them over the fire until the inside of the potato was done and they could add the other ingredients (Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 67). Now these potatoes they were growing were not like the potatoes most of us are accustomed to today. They were of very poor quality and did not taste very well. Being a potato farmer myself I can say I have a pretty good judgment on what kind of potatoes taste good and which do not. And the ones they were growing definitely tasted bad. I can also tell you that when we read about the stories people had from the book The Irish Famine and when they say rotting potatoes smelled bad, it is most definitely true. Rotting potatoes is one of the grossest smells you may ever smell in your entire life. Unfortunately for the people of Ireland they were constantly dealing with this nasty smell and I cant even imagine what their homes and lands would smell like. There has been much research done to determine whether or not the British are responsible for the death of over a million people. Most historians believe that are enormously responsible because they just sat back and watched as Ireland fell apart. And not only did they just watch but they kept thriving off the Irish land in ways like taking all their cattle and other crops leaving the Irish with very few options but mainly the potato. It was said that the amount of dead and emigrated people was impossible to determine because of how many actually died and left the country (Toibin and Ferriter pg. 17). Before the famine struck Irishmen had already been steadily immigrating to the U.S and to other parts of the world. But once the famine struck those previous numbers were a joke. Over 72,000 emigrants entered the U.S in the year 1848 (Toibin and Ferriter, pg 172). In just one year! By 1850 the population of New York City was said to be 26 percent Irish (About.com). Overall the Irish Famine had two main causes. The first being the fungus that grew on the potatoes causing the potato blight and completely destroying the crop. And the second factor was the lack of support given by the British and how they mistreated the Irish people. This was definitely an example of an Irish Auschwitz ( Toibin and Ferriter, pg. 54). References Robert McNamara 19th Century History Expert. What Happened During the Great Irish Famine? About.com Education. N.p., 15 Dec. 2014. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. . Anne. What Caused the Irish Potato Famine? Mises Institute. N.p., 07 May 2008. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. . Potato. Potato New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. . ToÃÅ'ibiÃÅ'n, Colm, and Diarmaid Ferriter. The Irish Famine: A Documentary. London: Profile in Association with London Review of, 2004. Print.

The Ghosts Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- William Shakesp

The Ghost’s Deception in Hamlet The Ghost in Hamlet cleared out the event that Hamlet was uncertain of. The spirit clarified the death of King Hamlet, and caused Hamlet to perform his evil deeds. The Ghost’s request to avenge him caused the death of Hamlet’s family, friends, and eventually himself; therefore, the spirit can be viewed as evil because it failed the four tests that was set by Lewes Lavater and the Church. Lewes Lavater describes how the church determines if a ghost is evil or good. The first description is â€Å"good spirits terrify initially, but ultimately comfort.† The spirit does not cause comfort to Hamlet. Throughout the play, the Ghost causes trouble among the characters. According to Eleanor Prosser: The Ghost has done everything possible to taint Hamlet’s mind with lacerating grief, sexual nausea, hatred, and fury. It has just focused its appeal on the lewd picture that Hamlet knows can most corrupt him – and it says, â€Å"Taint not they mind†! (E. Prosser, pp.137) Hamlet decided to kill Claudius because the Ghost wanted to avenge his death. Hamlet was obsessed to killing Claudius, which caused him his insanity. His insanity caused the death of Polonius, which lead to the death of Ophelia. The death of Ophelia led to the death of Laertes, which led to the death of the queen and king, and eventually Hamlet himself. The source of these strings of death is the Ghost. The Ghost calls Hamlet deep into this world of disruption. Its invitation to decapitate the body politic seems a horrific charge (â€Å"O cursed spite†), and by the end of the play it will manifestly be so: Ophelia will have been emotionally brutalized and lost to lunatic distraction; the king and queen will have been pierced with hateful... ...all that rots, seeming to embody the very forces of corporeal ruin that Hamlet fears may be inimical virtue.† Bibliography: Lewes Lavater. Renaissance Theories of Ghost and Demons. http://stjohns-chs.org/english/Renaissance/Ren-gh.html Eleanor Prosser. â€Å"Spirit of Health or Goblin Damned?† Hamlet and Revenge. (New York: Stanford Press. 1971), pp. 137 John Hunt. â€Å"A Thing of Nothing: The Catastrophic Body In Hamlet† Shakespearean Quarterly Volume 39 #1 (Spring 1988), pp. 35 William Shakespeare. Hamlet edited by Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. (New York: Washington Square Press, 1992) All future references will come from this text. Philip Edwards. â€Å"The Ghost† Shakespearean Criticism Volume 44, (1985), pp.126 Richard Burton with Richard L. Sterne. â€Å"Interview† Shakespearean Criticism Volume 21, (August 3, 1964), pp.246

Teacher Work Sample Part 7

Teacher work Sample: Standard 7 Lauren M. Evins EED/495 May 13, 2012 Professor Mark McCall Teacher Work Sample: Standard 7 Standard 7: Reflections and Self-Evaluation In the education profession, it is necessary for teachers to create lesson plans that adhere to national, state, and district learning standards. The ability to successfully create and implement these lessons that have goals and specific learning objectives is the responsibility of the teacher. A way to evaluate the success of your instructional skills is through reflection and self-evaluation. Reflecting on your own teaching, shortcomings as well as successes, is a way to make sense of your own experiences and to gain perspective on the day-to-day workings of your own classroom. † A reflection and self-evaluation will be listed for this Teacher Work Sample. , which will include an analysis of instructional and student learning, and the effectiveness of teacher instruction. Throughout the implementation of my less ons from the Teacher Work Sample the lessons that contributed the most to student learning were the activities that required students to apply their knowledge in activities.These activities include the vocabulary words used in a sentence, the group discussion that allowed students to build on each other’s responses and knowledge, and the group projects that were a collaboration of student creativity. Some of the greatest barriers to achieving the desired learning results were overcoming the additional background knowledge that was needed to teach the unit lessons, which would consequentially be a need for improvement in the pre-assessment and the analysis of the pre-assessment.One factor that would be done to improve the acquisition of the desired learning results and improving student learning would be to spend more time reviewing supplemental and background information for the unit prior to introducing the unit, and creating a more detailed rubric that analyzed studentsâ₠¬â„¢ prior knowledge. The repeated interruptions and deviations that were taken during lessons required additional modifications in instructional time management and steering the lesson back on path of the learning goals and objectives.Reviewing the seven standards listed in this Teacher Work Sample emphasized key areas of strengths and weaknesses. The strengths of the work sample included Contextual Factors, Learning Goals and Objectives, and Design for Instruction. These strengths allowed a successful creation of goals and objectives that were aligned with Florida State Standards and were achieved with the majority of the student population, as seen in the Analysis of Learning Results.The ability to properly gather data and information in the Contextual Factors helped understand why some students had prior knowledge of Native Americans and why other students has less prior knowledge. The Design for Instruction was implemented with little to no problems; however, the flaws in instr uction did not occur from the design they occurred from the Assessment Plan, which was a weakness and needed additional improvement.The Instructional Decision-Making was also a weakness in that student learning responses were not as anticipated regarding Native American background information and an additional need for improvement would include reacting and modifying lessons without deviating greatly from the original goals and objectives. My professional knowledge and skills were adequate to teach this unit, but my performance would have been enhanced if I had better analyzed the pre-assessment that was given at the beginning of the unit.As a professional, I would need to improve my ability to read and analyze assessment results, which could be the difference in student achievement and failure. The most significant learning insight achieved from this unit would be the understanding that despite detailed planning and instructional preparation, modifications in instruction will alway s arise and it is the teachers responsibility to make the necessary deviations but maintain the unit’s goals and objectives.In general, my analysis and self-reflection would e considered a success with minor weaknesses that would need improvement through workshops, training seminars, and/or with an experienced teacher’s help. Reference Module 6: Assessing teaching and learning. (2006). Retrieved May 12, 2012 from http://www. league. org/gettingresults/web/module6/teaching/teacher_reflections. html

Mass Murder at Babi Yar Ravine

Mass Murder at Babi Yar Ravine Before there were gas chambers, the Nazis used guns to kill Jews and others in large numbers during the Holocaust. Babi Yar, a ravine located just outside of  Kiev, was the site where  the Nazis  murdered approximately 100,000 people. The killing began with a large group on September 29-30, 1941, but continued for months. The German Takeover After the Nazis attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, they pushed east. By September 19, they had reached Kiev. It was a confusing time for the inhabitants of Kiev. Though a large portion of the population had family either in the Red Army or had evacuated into the interior of the Soviet Union, many inhabitants welcomed the German Armys takeover of Kiev. Many believed the Germans would free them from Stalins oppressive regime. Within days they would see the true face of the invaders. Explosions Looting began immediately. Then the Germans moved into Kievs downtown on Kreshchatik Street. On September 24 - five days after the Germans entered Kiev - a bomb exploded around four oclock in the afternoon at the German headquarters. For days, bombs exploded in buildings in the Kreshchatik that had been occupied by Germans. Many Germans and civilians were killed and injured. After the war, it was determined that a group of NKVD members was left behind by the Soviets to offer some resistance against the conquering Germans. But during the war, the Germans decided it was the work of Jews, and retaliated for the bombings against the Jewish population of Kiev. The Notice By the time the bombings finally stopped on September 28, the Germans already had a plan for retaliation. On this day, the Germans posted a notice all over town that read: All [Jews] living in the city of Kiev and its vicinity are to report by 8 oclock on the morning of Monday, September 29th, 1941, at the corner of Melnikovsky and Dokhturov Streets (near the cemetery). They are to take with them documents, money, valuables, as well as warm clothes, underwear, etc. Any [Jew] not carrying out this instruction and who is found elsewhere will be shot. Any civilian entering flats evacuated by [Jews] and stealing property will be shot. Most people in town, including the Jews, thought this notice meant deportation. They were wrong. Reporting for Deportation On the morning of September 29, tens of thousands of Jews arrived at the appointed location. Some arrived extra early in order to ensure themselves a seat on the train. Most waited hours in this crowd - only slowly moving toward what they thought was a train. The Front of the Line Soon after people passed through the gate into the Jewish cemetery, they reached the front of the mass of people. Here, they were to leave their baggage. Some in the crowd wondered how they would be reunited with their possessions; some believed it would be sent in a luggage van. The Germans were counting out only a few people at a time and then letting them move farther on. Machine-gun fire could be heard nearby. For those that realized what was happening and wanted to leave, it was too late. There was a barricade staffed by Germans who were checking identification papers of those wanting out. If the person was Jewish, they were forced to remain. In Small Groups Taken from the front of the line in groups of ten, they were led to a corridor, about four or five feet wide, formed by rows of soldiers on each side.  The soldiers were holding sticks and would hit the Jews as they went by. There was no question of being able to dodge or get away. Brutal blows, immediately drawing blood, descended on their heads, backs and shoulders from left and right. The soldiers kept shouting: Schnell, schnell! laughing happily, as if they were watching a circus act; they even found ways of delivering harder blows in the more vulnerable places, the ribs, the stomach and the groin. Screaming and crying, the Jews exited the corridor of soldiers onto an area overgrown with grass.  Here they were ordered to undress. Those who hesitated had their clothes ripped off them by force, and were kicked and struck with knuckledusters or clubs by the Germans, who seemed to be drunk with fury in a sort of sadistic rage. 7 Babi Yar Babi Yar is the name of a ravine in the northwestern section of Kiev. A. Anatoli described the ravine as enormous, you might even say majestic: deep and wide, like a mountain gorge. If you stood on one side of it and shouted you would scarcely be heard on the other.8 It was here that the Nazis shot the Jews. In small groups of ten, the Jews were taken along the edge of the ravine. One of the very few survivors remembers she looked down and her head swam, she seemed to be so high up. Beneath her was a sea of bodies covered in blood. Once the Jews were lined up, the Nazis used a machine-gun to shoot them. When shot, they fell into the ravine. Then the next were brought along the edge and shot. According to the Einsatzgruppe Operational Situation Report No. 101, 33,771 Jews were killed at  Babi Yar  on September 29 and 30.10  But this was not the end of the killing at Babi Yar. More Victims The Nazis next rounded up Gypsies and killed them at Babi Yar. Patients of the Pavlov Psychiatric Hospital were gassed and then dumped into the ravine. Soviet prisoners of war were brought to the ravine and shot. Thousands of other civilians were killed at Babi Yar for trivial reasons, such as a mass shooting in retaliation for just one or two people breaking a Nazi order. The killing continued for months at Babi Yar. It is estimated that 100,000 people were murdered there. Babi Yar: Destroying the Evidence By mid-1943, the Germans were on the retreat; the Red Army was advancing west. Soon, the Red Army would liberate Kiev and its surroundings. The Nazis, in an effort to hide their guilt, tried to destroy evidence of their killings - the mass graves at Babi Yar. This was to be a gruesome job, so they had prisoners do it. The Prisoners Not knowing why they had been chosen, 100 prisoners from the Syretsk concentration camp (near Babi Yar) walked toward Babi Yar thinking they were to be shot. They were surprised when Nazis attached shackles onto them. Then surprised again when the Nazis gave them dinner. At night, the prisoners were housed in a cave-like hole cut into the side of the ravine. Blocking the entrance/exit was an enormous gate, locked with a large padlock. A wooden tower faced the entrance, with a machine-gun aimed at the entrance to keep watch over the prisoners. 327 prisoners, 100 of whom were Jews, were chosen for this horrific work. The Ghastly Work On August 18, 1943, the work began. The prisoners were divided into brigades, each with its own part of the cremation process. Digging:  Some prisoners had to dig into the mass graves. Since there were numerous mass graves at Babi Yar, most had been covered with dirt. These prisoners removed the top layer of dirt in order to expose the corpses.Hooking:  Having fallen into the pit after having been shot and having been underground for up to two years, many of the bodies had twisted together and were difficult to remove from the mass. The Nazis had constructed a special tool to disentangle and pull/drag the corpses. This tool was metal with one end shaped into a handle and the other shaped into a hook.The prisoners who had to pull the corpses out of the grave would place the hook under the corpses chin and pull - the body would follow the head. Sometimes the bodies were so firmly stuck together that two or three of them came out with one hook. It was often necessary to hack them apart with axes, and the lower layers had to be dynamited several times. The Nazis drank vodka to drown out the smell and the scenes; the prisoners werent even allowed to wash their hands.Removing Valuables:  After the bodies were pulled out of the mass grave, a few prisoners with pliers would search the victims mouths for gold. Other prisoners would remove clothing, boots, etc. from the bodies. (Though the Jews had been forced to undress before they were killed, later groups were often shot fully clothed.)Cremating the Bodies:  After the bodies had been checked for valuables, they were to be cremated. The pyres were carefully constructed for efficiency. Granite tombstones were brought from the nearby Jewish cemetery and laid flat on the ground. Wood was then stacked on top of it. Then the first layer of bodies was carefully laid on top of the wood so that their heads were on the outside. The second layer of bodies was then carefully placed on the first, but with the heads on the other side. Then, the prisoners placed more wood. And again, another lay er of bodies was placed on top - adding layer after layer. Approximately 2,000 bodies would be burned at the same time. To start the fire, gasoline was doused over the pile of bodies. The [stokers] got the fire going underneath and also carried burning torches along the rows of projecting heads. The hair, soaked in oil [gasoline], immediately burst into bright flame - that was why they had arranged the heads that way. Crushing the Bones:  The ashes from the pyre were scooped up and brought to another group of prisoners. Large pieces of bone that had not burned in the fire needed to be crushed to fully destroy the evidence of Nazi atrocities. Jewish tombstones were taken from the nearby cemetery to crush the bones. Prisoners then passed the ashes through a sieve, looking for large bone pieces that needed to be further crushed as well as searching for gold and other valuables. Planning an Escape The prisoners worked for six weeks at their gruesome task. Though they were exhausted, starving, and filthy, these prisoners still held on to life. There had been a couple of earlier escape attempts by individuals, after which, a dozen or more other prisoners were killed in retaliation. Thus, it was decided amongst the prisoners that the prisoners would have to escape as a group. But how were they to do this? They were hindered by shackles, locked in with a large padlock, and aimed at with a machine gun. Plus, there was at least one informer among them. Fyodor Yershov finally came up with a plan that would hopefully  would allow at least a few of the prisoners to reach safety. While working, the prisoners often found small items that the victims had brought with them to Babi Yar - not knowing they were to be murdered. Among these items were scissors, tools, and keys. The escape plan was to gather items that would help remove the shackles, find a key that would unlock the padlock, and find items that could be used to help them attack the guards. Then they would break their shackles, unlock the gate, and run past the guards, hoping to avoid being hit by machine-gun fire. This escape plan, especially in hindsight, seemed nearly impossible. Yet, the prisoners broke into groups of ten to search for the needed items. The group that was to search for the key to the padlock had to sneak and try hundreds of different keys in order to find the one that worked. One day, one of the few Jewish prisoners, Yasha Kaper, found a key that worked. The plan was almost ruined by an accident. One day, while working, an SS  man hit a prisoner. When the prisoner landed on the ground, there was a rattling sound. The SS man soon discovered that the prisoner was carrying scissors. The SS man wanted to know what the prisoner was planning on using the scissors for. The prisoner replied, I wanted to cut my hair. The SS man began to beat him while repeating the question. The prisoner could have easily revealed the escape plan, but did not. After the prisoner had lost  consciousness  he was thrown  onto  the fire. Having the key and other needed materials, the prisoners realized they needed to set a date for the escape. On September 29 one of the SS officers warned the prisoners that they were going to be killed the following day. The date for the escape was set for that night. The Escape Around two oclock that night, the prisoners tried to unlock the padlock. Though it took two turns of the key to  unlock  the lock, after the first turn, the lock made a noise which alerted the guards. The prisoners managed to make it back to their bunks before they were seen.   After the change in guard, the prisoners tried turning the lock  a second  turn. This time the lock did not make a noise and opened. The known informer was killed in his sleep. The rest of the prisoners were woken up and all worked on removing their shackles. The guards noticed the noise from the removal of the shackles and came to investigate. One prisoner thought quickly and told the guards that the prisoners were fighting over the potatoes that the guards had left in the bunker earlier. The guards thought this was funny and left. Twenty minutes later, the prisoners rushed out of the bunker en masse in an effort to escape. Some of the prisoners came upon guards and attacked them; others kept on running. The machine gun operator didnt want to shoot because, in the dark, he was afraid he would hit some of his own men. Out of all the prisoners, only 15 succeeded in escaping.

Ap Economics Essay Example

Ap Economics Essay Example Ap Economics Essay Ap Economics Essay Essay Topic: Economics The basic economic problem that arises because people have unlimited wants but resources are limited. Americans in recent years had to cut back on lavish goods because of the scarcity of money. Economics- The science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. Economics involves many issues in the economy of the country and world, from politics to money. Efficiency-A broad term that implies an economic state in which every resource is optimally allocated to serve each person in the best way while minimizing waste and inefficiency.Economic efficiency can be used in microeconomics when discussing product. Equity- The property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society. If the rich contribute more in taxes, there would be a bigger distribution of equity. Opportunity Cost- The money or other benefits lost when pursuing a particular course of action instead of a mutually-exclusive a lternative. Our companies 3rd quarter opportunity costs were extensive and will take awhile to recover. Incentive-A cost or benefit that motivates a decision or action by consumers, businesses, or other participants in the economy.The incentive for a new CEO turned out to be quite beneficial. Productivity-A measure relating a quantity or quality of output to the inputs required to produce it. If productivity continues to fall, our profits will soon follow. Inflation-The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising, and, subsequently, purchasing power is falling. The current low interest rates for bank loans risks inflation of the dollar. Business Cycle- A cycle or series of cycles of economic expansion and contraction. The current business cycle is bad, leading the CEO to make a few cutbacksMicroeconomics-The part of economics about single factors and the effects of individual decisions. Microeconomics can be applied in budgets, businesses, politics, an d finances to determine trends of individual consumers. Macroeconomics-The part of economics concerned with large-scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and national productivity. When seen on a macroeconomic point of view, high productivity can boost, rather than reduce, economic growth. Demand-An economic principle that describes a consumers desire and willingness to pay a price for a specific good or service.As Apple moves forward in revolutionizing electronics, the demand for their products rises. Supply-A fundamental economic concept that describes the total amount of a specific good or service that is available to consumers. The high supply of oil was beneficial to the economy due to the sudden decrease of foreign oil imports. Component #2: Problems 1) Describe some trade-offs faced by each of the following: a) A family deciding whether to buy a new car. A family that is deciding to buy a car might have to face, depending on the expense of the car and financ ial status of the family, major cut backs on money to afford it.These cutbacks might affect unnecessary things like: dining out, doing expensive activities, vacations, etc. This all deals with scarcity; the family wants a new car, but might not have the financial means to do so. b) A member of Congress deciding how much to spend on national parks. A member of congress deciding how much to spend on national parks has plenty of trade offs. The funding of the park is determined by many things including incentives, demand, and opportunity cost.If congress were to fund national parks more they may have to cut funding to other causes, but if they cut funding to the parks, then the money gained could go into a better cause. c) A company president deciding whether to open a new factory. If a company president were to open a new factory, the demand for that companies product would have to be high. However, for the president to open up a different facility, he may have to make cut backs on em ployees in the current facility for budget purposes. If the president decides not to open a new factory, this might lead to low efficiency and slow down the expansion of productivity. )A teacher deciding how much to prepare for class. If a teacher were to prepare minimally for class, he/she may run into a very busy schedule somewhere down the road. However, if the teacher were to plan accordingly and periodically, he/she would be able to be properly prepared for the class. If this were to happen, the teacher would have less pressure for assignments. This all has to deal with efficiency, productivity, and incentive. The teachers incentive is to not be flooded with class preparations, so he/she would have to work efficiently to reach the optimum productivity. ) Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equity and efficiency. a) â€Å"Everyone in society should be guaranteed the best healthcare possible. † If everyone were to be guaranteed the best healthc are possible, efficiency would have to be very high to have the capability to divide healthcare among the population. Right now it would be hard to do because we dont have high economic prosperity to spread. This could very well never happen because equity and efficiency clash when it comes to government policies.The reason they clash is because when the government tries to spread wealth evenly, efficiency shrinks. b) â€Å"When workers are laid off, they should be able to collect unemployment benefits until they find a new job. † When workers receive unemployment, they are getting a cut of the economic pie which is equity. During these times when unemployment is high, the size of the economic pie, efficiency, is small because the government is distributing a large amount money to the unemployed. If the government were to issue unemployment until they find a job it would cause an economic down fall.People are sitting around getting paid, why would they go out and get a job, i t is something else that people will just take advantage of, like welfare. So, in essence, it would end up hurting the government more than it would help. 3) In what ways is your standard of living different from that of your parents or grandparents when they were you age? Why have these changes occurred? There has been a big change in the standard of living even from my parents time to now let alone when my grandparents were my age. We are now living in a technological age where everything is documented, sent, communicated, and even surveyed on electronics.People in the 70’s (when my parents were my age) were lucky to have their own television let alone a cell phone or car. Nowadays, teens have cars, tv’s laptops, smartphones, etc. at their fingertips to use at their command. Back then not very many people had the resources or means to obtain electronic devices. Many of the things we have now, my grandparents didn’t. My grandmother didn’t even have an el ectric oven, she had a coal one to cook on. When my grandfather came here off of the boat, he got a job paying 23 cents an hour. So, its not only material things that have changed in the standard of living, but wages too.People are paid so much more now than in the 30’s, but with the raise of wages, brought along inflation. These changes have occurred because of the changes in education and regulations. People now more than ever are going to college to get a degree in whatever it is they want to pursue. With knowledge comes better products that are more efficient and easier to use. With the change in regulations came changes in minimum wage, laws, and codes that have to be kept up with. Component #3: Applications (See next full page for article) This article posted by The New York Times states that although unemployment s lowering, it is doing it in a rather slow and steady pace. Stocks prices have risen and are staying high along with mortgage loans and many others. Since th e job market is growing at a slow rate, banks are now going to start raising interest and lengthening loan terms. As anticipated, the economy is expanding in the right ways. If as many jobs are created in July and August as they were in June, then the economy is on the road to recovery. The Principal of Economics in which this would apply most to would be number 10 (Society Faces a Short-run Trade-off between Inflation and Unemployment.The reason that this article applies specifically to this principle is because in the article it is explained that unemployment is lowering and because of that, interest rates are rising. This explains the short-run trade-offs. Also, since unemployment is lowering, inflation will occur because they will now have the money to buy goods and services. nytimes. com/2013/07/06/business/economy-adds-195000-jobs-as-unemployment-rate-remains-at-7-6. html? ref=todayspaper_r=0 Steady Growth As U. S. Gains 195,000 Jobs __________________________________________ ___________________________________ By NELSON D. SCHWARTZ New jobs data on Friday offered hope for this elusive middle ground in the economy, as the Federal Reserve wrestles with when to ease its stimulus efforts without endangering the recovery and the markets. The pace of job creation in June was sufficient to please investors and keep the central bank on course to slowly begin pulling back on its major bond-buying program this fall. But the job gains were muted enough to calm worries of an abrupt exit by the Fed, a fear that has weighed on the markets lately.The employment report, which showed the economy added 195,000 jobs, was the first since the Fed chairman, Ben S. Bernanke, said in June that policy makers were ready to begin tapering the stimulus later this year if the labor market continued to improve. The jobless rate was unchanged, at 7. 6 percent. The timing of the Fed action is critical. The central bank’s program of buying $85 billion a month in Treasury securit ies and mortgage-backed bonds has not only kept long-term interest rates low for borrowers, including big companies as well as individual home buyers, it has lso helped prop up Wall Street. The possibility that the Fed might move more quickly than expected to dial back the program has prompted investors to sell both stocks and bonds in the last six weeks and has raised rates on mortgages and other loans. Buoyed by the promise of moderate economic growth and a slow but steady tapering on the part of the Fed, traders pushed the stock market higher on Friday, with major indexes gaining about 1 percent. The 195,000 jobs added in June was significantly above the 165,000 monthly pace analysts had been expecting.And the government sharply revised upward figures for job gains in April and May, increasing the average monthly gain in the first half of 2013 to 202,000 jobs. But the picture painted by the data hardly reflected a booming economy. The unemployment rate, which is based on a differ ent survey from the one that tracks job creation, remained stuck at 7. 6 percent, far higher than the historical pattern for this stage of a recovery. Other measures of joblessness actually rose, with the broadest one that includes workers forced to accept part-time positions jumping to 14. 3 percent, from 13. percent. â€Å"Beyond the headline numbers for job growth, it gets a little more mixed,† said Jan Hatzius, chief economist at Goldman Sachs. â€Å"There is still a lot of slack in the labor market. † Although the economy has held up better than some analysts expected in the face of tax increases and automatic cuts in federal spending this year, overall growth in economic output has also been tepid. The economy grew at an annual rate of 1. 8 percent in the first quarter, short of what’s needed to quickly lower the unemployment rate. Still, the job figures for June were enough to prompt Mr.Hatzius and other leading economists on Wall Street to predict that t he Fed could announce a shift in policy in September, rather than waiting until December. â€Å"This was a solid report and it will be seen by the Fed as fully consistent with tapering in September,† said Dean Maki, chief United States economist at Barclays. In addition, Mr. Maki noted, average hourly earnings rose 2. 2 percent year-over-year, a pace that is near a high for this recovery. Before setting a firm date, Fed policy makers will be closely watching to see if the job market maintains momentum through July and August. It’s not a done deal in September, just more likely,† Mr. Hatzius said. That was benign enough for traders on Friday. The Standard Poor’s 500-stock index rose 16. 48, or 1. 02 percent, to 1,631. 89, while the Dow Jones industrial average jumped 147. 29, or 0. 98 percent, to 15,135. 84, and the Nasdaq gained 35. 71, or 1. 04 percent, to finish the day at 3,479. 38. In the bond market, interest rates moved higher, as investors dumped d ebt on anticipation of faster growth and quicker Fed action. The 10-year Treasury note fell 1 30/32, to 91 17/32, while its yield jumped to 2. 74 percent, from 2. 0 percent late Wednesday. The Fed’s stance has bolstered long-term rates, but the central bank is expected to keep short-term rates low at least until 2015. Component #4: Journal Entry 1: Uh-oh: Americans favor cash over stocks for long-term investments http://money. cnn. com/2013/07/29/investing/cash-investments/index. html? iid=HP_LN answers. com/ (definitions) Even Though we are on a slow track to an economic recovery, people still have a mind-set that the economy is in recession. So, instead of people investing in long term investments, gold, stocks, real estate, etc. hey are keeping it away in savings with very low interest rates. In a 2013 Bankrate survey, over 26% of Americans prefer cash for long term investments. Getting cash for long term investments might not be such a good idea seeing as how you might c ome up short in the long run when it comes to education, children, and even retirement. Interest rate is a widely used term but many might not know the true definition of the word. The percentage of a sum of money charged for its use is the definition of interest rate. An investment is something you put time or money into to hopefully get something out of it in the future.This article is pretty much all about investments. Entry 2: The Senate on Wednesday approved a bipartisan deal that ensures lower interest rates on loans for students heading to college this fall. http://money. cnn. com/2013/07/24/news/economy/senate-student-loans/index. html answers. com/ (definitions) On July 24th the senate decided that bringing down interest rates on student loans was something they needed to do. On July 1st of this year, a new interest rate was set a 6. 8%, but was cut in half now at 3. 86%. This 3. 6% interest is not going to hold over the years anticipating the growth of the economy. Studen ts are to expect a 1% interest increase every year reaching 7% in the year of 2017. Although, there are requirements and provisions to applying for these low interest rates many people qualify for them. The students loan can not be a private loan but instead a stafford loan. In these improving economic times many things are changing, for example interest rates for students. After reading this article I gained the knowledge of knowing that the senate passed on lowering the rates to 3. 86.I am attending college the following year after I graduate and it is important that I know these things so I can plan accordingly. There were some words that I didn’t know and one of them was provisions. A provision is an arrangement or preparation beforehand. Another word I was unsure of was subsidize, meaning pay part of the cost of producing (something) to reduce prices for the buyer. Another term I was unsure was a Stafford Loan; this is a student loan offered to eligible students enrolled in accredited American institutions of higher education. Entry 3: http://money. cnn. om/2013/07/15/investing/stocks-markets/index. html www. answers. com (definitions) Stocks gain as earnings come into focus For this week in the economy world the DOW and NASDAQ closed at record highs in over a decade. Both stocks bumped up about 0. 2%, just enough to set a new record. However, the companies in SP 500 are expected to have a lower than ever growth. Coming in at less than 0. 1% for the quarter. Although companies under SP 500 are optimistic to beat the low expectations to come. Along with the growth in the DOW and NASDAQ comes the New York Federal Reserve which rose 1. % in the region of manufacturing. Some stocks are projected to better in the coming quarters of the year; but some others, not so much. Since economics is mostly about stocks, government, and economy, I decided to pick this article to get a better idea on all of those perspectives. I learned particularly from this artic le that stocks for this quarter in the year are better than expected, but others are projected to have little growth. I also learned some new vocabulary words. Federal Reserve is a word that was not so much new to me, but not fully understood.The Federal Reserve is the banking authority in the US that implements functions of the central banking system. The next next term I learned isnt so much a word, but a department. The Census Bureau, something that gives demographic information to the people of the United States. There weren’t many new words or phrases learned from this particular article, rather information on the current stock situations. Entry 4: http://management. fortune. cnn. com/2013/07/03/4-reasons-to-stay-in-your-current-job-for-now/ www. answers. com/ 4 reasons to stay in your current job (for now)For those who are looking to quit their job and find a new one, hang in there a little longer. In this article, it is stated that although the economy is growing, stoc k are rising, and interest rates are higher, you should stay in your current job for now. The article is backed up with reliable statistics that shows unemployment dropping (at a slow rate). A survey says that about 64% of Americans have gotten a job offer from a different company in the last year. The quitting rate for jobs in april was 39% when the unemployment was a little higher than usual.The first of the four reasons to keep the current job you are in is â€Å"It is still a buyers market and competition is fierce. † The next reasoning is â€Å"New hires are under pressure. † The third reason, a rather good one, â€Å"Last hired, first fired. † And lastly, â€Å"Different isnt always better. † This article was a rather large one, packed with good information on the condition of the economy and projections on the economy. I learned that the unemployed are more optimistic than they were two years ago when applying for a job. I also learned why people s hould wait to switch jobs until the economy is growing at a faster rate.The word â€Å"feeler† was new to me, meaning a proposal intended to ascertain an attitude or opinion. Another term that I wasnt familiar with was compensation package. This is the combination of salary and benefits that a company is will to offer to applicants and employees. Entry 5: http://money. cnn. com/2013/06/18/pf/healthcare-costs/index. html www. answers. com/ Health care costs to slow in 2014 Many people in the US are going on without healthcare. This is a serious risk financially and physically to themselves and their family. Although, health care wont save everyone from the rise in doctor visits, drugs, and surgeries.When the ACA (Affordable Care Act) fully kicks in during the year of 2014, insurance rates for health care providers will raise 6. 5%. This spike in the rate is typically used by insurers to set premiums. Treatments for MS and cancer are expected to jump the most at 22% in 2014. Th is news is making consumers change their behavior. Many people have switched to less-expensive health care services such as walk in clinics and urgent care units. I gained awareness in this article that the cost for insurance will rise along with the cost of the actual drugs and services.There were no new terms that were learned, it was mostly things happening in the health care system that are changing. I learned also that many people have switched from hospitals to clinics because of the cost. Along with that, people are limiting doctor visits and delaying procedures. Many people are outraged at the spike in rates, and aren’t sure its a good plan. Entry 6: http://money. cnn. com/2013/07/16/news/economy/cpi-inflation/index. html? iid=E_Econ www. answers. com Prices climb in June, but annual inflation still tame In the month of June inflation rose 0. %, this has been the biggest rise in inflation since Feb. of this year. Economists took this as a surprise seeing as how they p redicted a somewhat lower rise at 0. 3%. Economists say that other indicators show that inflation remains docile of the long run. Prices of goods and services are up only 1. 8% since last year, that increase is considered consistent for a slow economic growth. The core inflation for food and gas was up only 1. 6%, the smallest it has been since June 2011. In this article I learned that in the month of June, inflation was at a low rate, but higher than expected.I also learned that the inflation rate right now is very good because that means the country is on track to a slow economic recovery. Some words that I didn’t know or was not too sure of were : Federal Reserve, Hyperinflation, and manifest. The Federal Reserve is a word that I know of, but the true definition is a System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D. C. and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Hyperinflation is just what it sounds like, infl ation at a rather fast paced rate. And lastly the work manifest, this word means clearly or known. Component #6: Paper

Being A Good Nurse And Doing What Is Right Example

Being A Good Nurse And Doing What Is Right Example Being A Good Nurse And Doing What Is Right – Book Report/Review Example Being a Good Nurse and Doing What Is Right Task Being a good nurse and doing what is right According to the research done by Smith & Godfrey on what it entails being a dutiful nurse, seven aspects emerged with regard to the study. Personal characteristics being one of them would entail personal respect, being compassionate, excellent communication skills, respects other people’s beliefs and takes care of his or her self. It requires one to have professional experience that would include being an ambassador of the profession and working towards developing the field of nursing and acting as the profession requires. Another aspect would be the knowledge base of the nurse. They should trust the experience they would have gained in the nursing career, be competent in their work and be ready to learn to better their skills and knowledge. Patient cent redness would also be exercised. This would be by putting the patient’s interest first and giving them priority over other thin gs. Being a good nurse would require one to be the patient’s advocate at all times. They should be supportive and advocate for choices and preferences of patients. A good nurse would be required to posse’s decisive thinking skills. These would help them make decisions that would be conflicting regarding their career, obligations and rights of the patient. They should make sound judgment when solving patient’s problems. A nurse who would portray patient care would also be termed as being good. This would be by giving the patients the right attention in dealing with their needs. This would be achieved by involving concerned family members and health care team members. If a good nurse does this, the patient gets the best care that would enable them recover quickly. Patient’s care would also include teaching and communications aimed at addressing the patient’s needs. Therefore, any nurse who would have the above characteristics and apply them in the co urse of their duty would be termed as being a good nurse (Smith & Godfrey 2002).ReferenceSmith, K. and Godfrey, N. (2002). Being A Good Nurse And Doing The Right Thing: A Qualitative Study. Retrieved on January 16, 2012 from:

The Social Demography of Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Social Demography of Health - Essay Example Based on the data presented by the World Health Organization, one of the most effective ways of fighting the health problems in the society is to target the issues outside the health sector which is the main view presented in the study of the population, poverty and pollution. One of the reasons that can be associated to the said action is the fact that upon the reorganization and improvement of the other sectors in the society, the beliefs and habits of the people also changes. If programs that are related to the improvement of livelihood and alleviation of poverty are implemented, there is an improvement of the capacity of the people to target the improvement of their health for example in cases of communicable and contagious diseases (â€Å"Socioeconomic Determinants of Health†). For that matter, poverty being one of the most important socioeconomic factors that can affect health is included in the fundamental target to the improvement of global health (Poverty and ILL Heal th). In terms of the effects of population changes in the state of global health, it can be connected to the factors inducing poverty. Basically, the scenario can be compared to the population of all types of organisms. An increase in the population results to scarcity of resources. In simple types of organism, lack of resources can lead to death of the significant number of population but for humans diseases can be equated to the lack of resources both for basic needs and healthcare (Galea 15). For that matter, an improvement in the practice of population control towards the sustainability which can be achieved if there is improved access to the basic need can be considered as a path towards the improvement of global health. The issues related to pollution can also be connected to both the issue of poverty and that of population. In the increase of population size, there is a significant chance of worsening the livelihood situation. Due

You Decide ... It's a memorandum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide ... It's a memorandum - Coursework Example An anencephalic infant has been born in the hospital. It is evident to medically aware community that no anencephalic baby would live for long as this is a condition when the baby is born without a considerable portion of scalp, skull and brain. This condition is caused by the cephalic head end of the neural tube failing to close during pregnancy. But this child was born with a small stem of brain. Hence, she could not be declared brain dead legally. The law of this state does not permit declaring a person brain dead, if the person had even a partly functioning brain. The infant was kept on ventilator as at that time the metabolic functions of her body were working to an extent. The doctors could convince the parents of the child about the non retrievable condition of the baby and they agreed to donate her heart for the treatment of an infant who had a critical heart condition. That infant too was admitted in this hospital. The issue of legal compliance remained. Waiting for this pro blem to be resolved, could have a consequence of loosing an opportunity to save the life of the second infant as well. It was in this painful dilemma that I found myself. There was also the tissue type matching to be done to find out whether the second infant’s body would accept the heart from the body of the first infant. Tissue type matching could be carried out successfully only if tissues are retrieved from the donor within 24 hours of the stopping of heart beat. So, waiting for the heart to cease beating naturally would reduce the chances of conducting a successful tissue type matching. Though the parents of the child were supportive of the decision that I wanted to take, some relatives had a different opinion owing to some religious considerations. According to their religion, death can be accepted only when the heart beat stops, they said. But as John Stuart Mill (2007, pp.78) has rightly put, I believe that, â€Å"the sentiment of justice appears to me to be, the animal

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Syria and Israel - Dissertation Example It analysis certain key events during this period and brings to light the disparities in the interpretation of these events from Syria's point of view. The Brainchild behind the Syrian foreign policy behavior will be the charismatic President Hafiz al Asad who led the country from the 1970s up to the early 1990s. The paper further examine the period after President Hafiz al Asad in Syria during which power was handed to his son Bashar al Asad. The concentration here will be an interpretation of certain events like the disorder that resulted from the U.S. led invasion of Iraq and how the disorder created by this invasion has made it difficult to carry on with the peace process. Adding to these will be the recent developments in U.S.-Syria relations under President Bashar al Asad and how these development have been thwarting prospects to achieve peace in the Middle East Certain writers and politicians have made analysis in the Syrian Israel peace track and their analysis would also be of great importance to this study. According to Cobban (1991), the collapse of the communist bloc was a determinant reason for Syria's change of policy. He explains that because Syria had nobody to lean on she was forced to reshape her foreign policy to suit the demands of this new development in the Middle East and the World at large. This is important to this study because changes in world politics affected changes in Syrian policy towards peace with Israel. Hinnebusch (1991) holds that the reason why peace could not be achieved between Israel and Syria could be explained from the rigid nature of President Asad who stood firm to respect and uphold Arab principles. As a result he was never ready to accept Israeli demands especially if... The paper examine the period after President Hafiz al Asad in Syria during which power was handed to his son Bashar al Asad. The concentration here will be an interpretation of certain events like the disorder that resulted from the U.S. led invasion of Iraq and how the disorder created by this invasion has made it difficult to carry on with the peace process. Adding to these will be the recent developments in U.S.-Syria relations under President Bashar al Asad and how these development have been thwarting prospects to achieve peace in the Middle East. This report of the study entails a brief understanding of the theoretical framework that will guide the investigation in to the developments in the Syria Israel peace track. This specifically will be the realist or neo realist approach to the study of international politics. This is important to the study because it is this approach that runs through Syria’s positions during the peace process over the last seventeen years. Furthermore various U.S. decisions as the main negotiator in the peace process have been closely guided by the theory of realism. The approach of realism to international politics was born after the First World War. During this period it was widely held that other theories had failed, so it became necessary to seek for new theories that could give more meaning and understanding to international politics. According to this theory, human nature, character and the persistence of state power forms the basic foundation of international relations.

Comparative Negligence and COA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Negligence and COA - Assignment Example The Management of European health SPA must be fully informed that they have a duty of care which provides that adequate action must be taken to avoid harm to its members or other people within their property. Policy aspects must be balanced in establishing the extent of their duty of care to patients and other stakeholders. Core components of sustaining an action in negligence include: the prediction of injury to the petitioner in which case it should be clearly identifiable the defendant’s action or inaction projected a sufficient level of certainty that the petitioner would suffer harm. Secondly, there should be a proximate cause between the the defendant’s actions or inaction and the injury or damage suffered by the plaintiff. In this case Rhoda has a right to claim damages given the fact that she is a member of the European Health SPA and the organization is to be morally blamed for not foreseeing and preventing the harm on her. The European Health SPA has a great burden and consequences for their actions of imposing duty and liability to the members as in Valdez v. J. D. Deffenbaugh Co., 51 Cal. App. 3d 494, 124 Cal. Rptr. 467 (1975). In this scenario the test of careless negligence is objective as opposed to being subjective. Rhoda who is the plaintiff must be fully aware that liability on the part of the defendant is incurred in tort when the party at the time of the act of negligence must have considerably foreseen the act that could lead into injury of another. According to Rhoda’s testimony it occurs that the floor had been slippery on all the 25 occasions she used the facilities, but the defendant had failed to exercise duty of care by warning its members or other users of the impending danger of a slippery floor. As a result of this negligence, Rhoda suffered physical injury, which entitles her to

Health Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Economics - Research Paper Example This means that most firms sampled that remained in business lies below the mean rating of the ratio of current assets and current liabilities. The median is greater than the mean. Furthermore, it is noted that there is an outlier in the data with a firm showing a ratio of 0.23. The distribution is also spread wide as shown by low kurtosis value and longer range. On the other hand, the shape of the distribution for firms that failed is positively skewed. The data gathered showed that most firms that failed are above the mean. The distribution is also peaked and shorter ranged. b) To test the hypothesis that failed firms have a lower ratio of assets to liabilities, the statistical procedure conducted is t-test. A null hypothesis is first created. The null hypothesis would be that the ratio of current assets and liabilities has no effect on the success or failure of the firm. If the data departs from the null hypothesis, then our alternate hypothesis that failed firms have a lower ratio of assets to liabilities will be correct. Below are the data for the t-test. The results as shown by the table above indicated that there is a significant difference in the assets to liabilities ratio between the firms that remained and the firms that failed at the 0.05 level. ... The distribution is also peaked and shorter ranged. b) To test the hypothesis that failed firms have a lower ratio of assets to liabilities, the statistical procedure conducted is t-test. A null hypothesis is first created. The null hypothesis would be that the ratio of current assets and liabilities has no effect on the success or failure of the firm. If the data departs from the null hypothesis, then our alternate hypothesis that failed firms have a lower ratio of assets to liabilities will be correct. Below are the data for the t-test. t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Alpha = 0.05 Firms that Remained Firms that Failed Mean 1.73 0.82 Variance 0.41 0.23 Observations 68 33 Pooled Variance 0.35 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 99 t Stat 7.172 P(T

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Essay

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Century - Essay Example To carry out a sound procedure, clear criteria are always applied to derive relevant information especially with regards to specific design techniques. In principle, the outcomes are based on notable conceptual framework. The major objectives are provided while designing a juvenile justice program. This also ensures that proper usage of internationally accepted standards is put to the fore. The practical evaluation also involves gaining the absolute results that include defining the core practical solutions to general criteria including consolidating all the working formulas. The program reflects juvenile justice program which ensures that children’s rights are protected at all times. In practice, this also implies that crime prevention mechanism is put in place to ensure adequacy in various contexts. While good practices are validly required, the concept of evaluation is thought to be fundamentally good and relevant for specific levels of management. The purpose of this progr am is to provide program evaluation process which would be relevant and applicable to juvenile justice. 1.1 Problem definition The programs are developed in order to adequately address specific needs. As such, juvenile justice programs are relevant because they are enshrined in a process aimed at controlling delinquent behavior. However, these involve prevention, reduction or elimination of these vices. Therefore, juvenile justice programs underscore various juvenile justice programs which are developed in order to reduce several levels of delinquency and also to ensure that certain attitudes related to this are controlled in order to reduce related risks. For example, the design of a program in the XXI century: the key aspects of underscoring juvenile justice is to define conflict resolution skills and improve the general perception of children. The problems related to juveniles are numerous and the attention itself reflects law enforcement agencies including the community, the jud ges and elected offices. From the level of the manager, it is important to collect data in order to establish proper mechanism and equally highlight possible trends relevant to the magnitude of the established data collection methods. According to problem identification, program managers are in a position to identify possible trends in areas that reflect possible juvenile justice control. The variety of processes required include law enforcement agencies that cover teenage pregnancy rates as well as children who are living below the poverty line. The instances that would define ways that involve getting relevant answers also involve attaining possible leadership controls and, as such, the procedure envisions improvements in terms of juvenile management. As the problem also involves getting interventions, the program requires completing relevant steps invoked as per the required attributes and as per the upcoming interventions. In particular, a number of juvenile groups require adequ ate knowledge in establishing their rights. This also requires notable attributes that would cover several aspects of serious juvenile offenders. Due to changing values, thinking and approaches, the resultant establishment seeks to fully explore notable developments as enshrined in the constitution. This, hence, ensures that there is no compromise as far as effectiveness is concerned. There is also an aspect of possible

Comparative Negligence and COA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparative Negligence and COA - Assignment Example The Management of European health SPA must be fully informed that they have a duty of care which provides that adequate action must be taken to avoid harm to its members or other people within their property. Policy aspects must be balanced in establishing the extent of their duty of care to patients and other stakeholders. Core components of sustaining an action in negligence include: the prediction of injury to the petitioner in which case it should be clearly identifiable the defendant’s action or inaction projected a sufficient level of certainty that the petitioner would suffer harm. Secondly, there should be a proximate cause between the the defendant’s actions or inaction and the injury or damage suffered by the plaintiff. In this case Rhoda has a right to claim damages given the fact that she is a member of the European Health SPA and the organization is to be morally blamed for not foreseeing and preventing the harm on her. The European Health SPA has a great burden and consequences for their actions of imposing duty and liability to the members as in Valdez v. J. D. Deffenbaugh Co., 51 Cal. App. 3d 494, 124 Cal. Rptr. 467 (1975). In this scenario the test of careless negligence is objective as opposed to being subjective. Rhoda who is the plaintiff must be fully aware that liability on the part of the defendant is incurred in tort when the party at the time of the act of negligence must have considerably foreseen the act that could lead into injury of another. According to Rhoda’s testimony it occurs that the floor had been slippery on all the 25 occasions she used the facilities, but the defendant had failed to exercise duty of care by warning its members or other users of the impending danger of a slippery floor. As a result of this negligence, Rhoda suffered physical injury, which entitles her to

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Essay

Juvenile Justice- A Program Development and Design for the 21st Century - Essay Example To carry out a sound procedure, clear criteria are always applied to derive relevant information especially with regards to specific design techniques. In principle, the outcomes are based on notable conceptual framework. The major objectives are provided while designing a juvenile justice program. This also ensures that proper usage of internationally accepted standards is put to the fore. The practical evaluation also involves gaining the absolute results that include defining the core practical solutions to general criteria including consolidating all the working formulas. The program reflects juvenile justice program which ensures that children’s rights are protected at all times. In practice, this also implies that crime prevention mechanism is put in place to ensure adequacy in various contexts. While good practices are validly required, the concept of evaluation is thought to be fundamentally good and relevant for specific levels of management. The purpose of this progr am is to provide program evaluation process which would be relevant and applicable to juvenile justice. 1.1 Problem definition The programs are developed in order to adequately address specific needs. As such, juvenile justice programs are relevant because they are enshrined in a process aimed at controlling delinquent behavior. However, these involve prevention, reduction or elimination of these vices. Therefore, juvenile justice programs underscore various juvenile justice programs which are developed in order to reduce several levels of delinquency and also to ensure that certain attitudes related to this are controlled in order to reduce related risks. For example, the design of a program in the XXI century: the key aspects of underscoring juvenile justice is to define conflict resolution skills and improve the general perception of children. The problems related to juveniles are numerous and the attention itself reflects law enforcement agencies including the community, the jud ges and elected offices. From the level of the manager, it is important to collect data in order to establish proper mechanism and equally highlight possible trends relevant to the magnitude of the established data collection methods. According to problem identification, program managers are in a position to identify possible trends in areas that reflect possible juvenile justice control. The variety of processes required include law enforcement agencies that cover teenage pregnancy rates as well as children who are living below the poverty line. The instances that would define ways that involve getting relevant answers also involve attaining possible leadership controls and, as such, the procedure envisions improvements in terms of juvenile management. As the problem also involves getting interventions, the program requires completing relevant steps invoked as per the required attributes and as per the upcoming interventions. In particular, a number of juvenile groups require adequ ate knowledge in establishing their rights. This also requires notable attributes that would cover several aspects of serious juvenile offenders. Due to changing values, thinking and approaches, the resultant establishment seeks to fully explore notable developments as enshrined in the constitution. This, hence, ensures that there is no compromise as far as effectiveness is concerned. There is also an aspect of possible

Review of communication skills Essay Example for Free

Review of communication skills Essay In the group interactions, I was a class room assistant who was meeting the parents of a young child with behavioural problems.  When Mr and Mrs Shaw arrived I called them in to the office using a soft tone and with a hand gesture I offered them a seat in front of my desk. They seemed pleased to be meeting me and were very concerned about their son Matthew. They were both talking in a calm slow voice with varying tone.   I started by asking how Matthews behaviour was at home. Mr Shaw was relaxed and sitting in an open posture. He said Matthewss behaviour was fine and there was nothing wrong with him. Mrs Shaw became tensed and looked away from her husband and said she had experienced problems at home when Matthew was around other children, as he would become angry and frustrated over simple things. Mr Shaw sat upright and told his wife there was nothing wrong with Matthews behaviour and that this was normal. I reassured them both that this could be understandable as he is an only child and may not be use to sharing with other children. Maintaining good eye contact I said I was experiencing the same problems in the class as Matthew is becoming very disruptive and a lot of parents are complain that their children are frightened of Matthew. Mrs Shaw became very upset and did not keep eye contact with me, and Mr Shaw was now in a closed posture. In a strong tone Mr Shaw demanded what was doing to help Matthew. I leaned forward and using a soft tone I told them the school could offer support for Matthew as long as the parents were willing to help, I then showed them some of Matthews class work and the areas he was doing good in. His mother seemed pleased and became less tensed. I offered a special needs program pointing out the benefits where Matthew could be taken out of the class room for a few hours a week. Mr Shaw became very tensed and leaned back in his chair as his face muscles became tight. He said his son did not need a special needs program and this was a waste of time, I went over the benefits o the program again, speaking clearly as I read the most important points. Mrs Shaw was unsure and wanted to agree only if her husband would support the program, but she agreed to look at the leaflet and consider it with her husband. I explained how one to one help for Matthew would benefit him in his school work and also the other children, I then said they could discuss the program at home and decide, and then they could arrange another interview if they were happy with the program. Mr Shaw stood up and I handed Mrs Shaw the leaflets. I thanked them for their time and shock their hands, I said using a polite tone they could come see me any time if they were unhappy about any thing. I showed them to the door and Mrs Shaw was very thankful for my advice and agreed to come back and discuss the program for Matthew. Mr Shaw thanked me but did not shake my hand and made no eye contact with me as he left and I said he was very welcome to come back any time.

Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology

Mixed Solvent in CO2 Capture Technology Research Proposal Development of mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption Xingye Fan Objectives: This project mainly aims at developing mixed solvent in chemical absorption to achieve goals of increasing mass transfer rate, CO2 loading capacity, and reduce processing cost. 1.1 Short term objectives: During the first five years, this project tends to test different mixed solvents to compare their property and performance in laboratory-scale. Mixed solvents with different components will be tested by a designed experiment in the laboratory. Advanced engineering process simulation will be performed by using Aspen plus software. By analyzing experiment and simulation data, the most suitable solvent for chemical absorption can be achieved. 1.2 Long term objectives: If the solvent with promising property is obtained and the project continues beyond five years, performance of novel absorbent for CO2 capture can be tested in pilot-scale. If the application of the novel solvent in pilot-scale is proved to be feasible, this absorbent can be tried to be commercialized. 2 Literature review: Chemical absorption processes are widely used to separate CO2 in coal fired power plants and chemical industries. Chemical absorption process is built on the reaction between the CO2 and chemical solvent. A typical chemical absorption process involves an absorber and a stripper. In this process, the flue gas which contains CO2 enters an absorber from the bottom and contacts with a CO2-lean absorbent counter-currently, after absorption, the CO2-rich absorbent flows to a thermally regenerator. In this method absorber and regenerator are working continuously. After regeneration, the CO2-lean stream is sent back to recycle for further use. The pure CO2 released from the regenerator is compressed and forwarded to storage or transportation. Due to the maturity of chemical absorption technology, it has been commercialized for a long time. Chemical absorption CO2 capture technologies are best utilized in post combustion because of its applicability for low CO2 concentration in the inlet gas stream. Chemical absorption is also considered as an efficient technique due to its low energy cost. By using individual type of solvent the absorption process has several drawbacks such as, the degradation of solvent, solvent regeneration efficiency, corrosion etc. which impact the efficiency of CO2 separation. To address the above problems, so much research has been conducted to improve solvent, modify gas-liquid contact device and prevent solvent degradation. Currently, to reduce the regeneration energy and further curtail the cost of absorption process, the operation of stripper is improved. Evidence shows that the operation of higher stripper pressure and alkanolamines concentration can be adopted to reduce energy consumption in regeneration. Volume of conventional absorption apparatus such as a packed bed, spray column, and a bubble column, is generally quite large. Therefore, small sizes of absorber and stripper with a lower equipment cost are expected. A rotating packed bed (RPB) was proposed which can also increase mass transfer rate between gas and absorbent. CO2 capture technology with chemical absorption strongly depends on the performance of a liquid solvent. Thus, selecting a suitable solvent is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of this technique. So far, many researchers have focused on developing novel mixed solvents. Cullinane and Rochelle (2004) raised CO2 reaction rate by using potassium carbonate and amines with piperazine as a promoter. Rodrigo and Chakib (2010) improved the reaction rate by adding small amount of monoethanolamine or methyldiethanolamine into ammonia. Jeong Ho Choi and Seong Geun Oh (2012) increased CO2 reaction rate and CO2 loading capacity by mixed liquid solvent with 2-methylpiperidine as a promoter. Although so much research regarding to mixed solvent has been carried out, development of mixed solvents is still an essential research direction to improve absorption technology. 3 Method and proposed approach: In order to measure the mass transfer rate of CO2 by using different solvents, we need to utilize a wetted wall column. Vapor-liquid equilibrium method is also used to evaluate the CO2 loading capacity. In addition, a simulation of the CO2 capture system can be developed by Aspen Plus software. Work plan 1: measure mass transfer rate of CO2 with different mixed solvents (years 1-3) In order to find a suitable combination of solvents, different kinds of absorbent mixture should be involved in the experiments. As the mass transfer rate of CO2 is a core parameter to determine property of absorbents, graduate students will carry out a wetted wall column experiment to measure CO2 mass transfer rate by using different mixed solvents. Solvents selection is of great significance. Various solvents are suitable for CO2 absorption such as monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, and methyldiethanolamine, K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH3, Adenosine monophosphate. Alkanolamines are common absorbents for CO2 capture, and amines with different structure have various properties. Traditionally, alkanolamines can be classified into; primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Among these three categories, the primary amines, for example monoethanolamine are considered the best solvent for flue gas cleaning because of the low partial pressure of CO2 in the flue gas. Monoethanolamine is a suitable solvent at low partial pressures of CO2 in the gas stream since it reacts quickly, and the cost of the raw materials is lower than secondary and tertiary amines. However, the operating cost of chemical absorption processes with monoethanolamine is high due to high energy cost in regenerating and operational problems such as corrosion, solvent loss, and solvent degradation. In addition, loading capacity of monoethanolamine can only be up to about 0.5mol of CO2/mol of monoethanolamine because of the formation of stable carbamates. Loading capacity of Tertiary alkanolamines such as methyldiethanolamine can reach 1mol of CO2/mol alkanolamine, and the energy consumption for regeneration is lower. However, the rates of CO2 absorption are low which make them not feasible for CO2 capture. A wide variety of alkanolamines that have proven to be commercially suitable for acid gas removal by chemical absorption are monoethanolamine, diethylaniline, methyldiethanolamine, and diglycolamine. The r eaction of CO2 with primary and secondary alkanolamines to produce carbamates increases the CO2 interfacial mass transfer rate dramatically compared to the mass transfer rate without the chemical reactions and under the same driving force. However, because carbamate formation leads to the requirement of large amount of heat, the regeneration energy is significantly high. On the other hand, the slower reaction of tertiary amines with CO2 produces only bicarbonate and carbonate with a lower heat of reaction. Nevertheless, reaction with tertiary amines cannot raise the interfacial mass transfer rate to an ideal extent. Diglycolamine is also a primary amine that can be used at 50–70 wt% amines, leading to greatly lower circulation rates and energy requirements. The reactivity of diglycolamine is similar with monoethanolamine, but diglycolamine has a much lower vapor pressure. Thus, diglycolamine can be used in a more concentrated solution with less solvent flow rate. Therefore, a ccording to the property of individual solvents, graduate students are required to select a diverse combination of solvents with different concentration and to measure their CO2 mass transfer rate with a wetted wall column. The construction of wetted wall column apparatus is described as the follows. The gas–liquid contactor in the center is constructed by a stainless-steel tube. The column is enclosed by a thick cylindrical wall glass and the whole chamber is surrounded by a second glass wall. Water flowing between the two glass walls can be used as a heat transfer medium. The absorbent is pumped into the column and flows down from the top and forms a thin liquid film along the outside surface of the column. Feed gas enters near the base of the chamber, counter-currently contacts with liquid and then exits from the top. During the experiment, the temperature in the chamber needs to be controlled to constant, and inside the reactor pressure is also maintained constant. The ga s concentrations are measured with the non-dispersion infrared sensor continuously. Measurement of CO2 content in the inlet and outlet gas stream provides CO2 partial pressure and CO2 flux between gas and liquid. Other physical properties are analyzed by the different equipment such as density and viscosity is measured by density meter and viscometer respectively. In the process of CO2 absorption, the molar flux of CO2 from the gas stream to the absorbents can be expressed as: (1) In addition, =+ (2) is the gaseous molar flux of CO2. KG is the overall mass transfer coefficient, PCO2 and PCO2* are partial pressure of CO2 in the gas stream and at equilibrium in the liquid respectively. kG and kG’ are gas and liquid mass transfer coefficient respectively. kG is a function of both the physical diffusion of the reactants in the liquid and the effect of the chemical reaction. In addition, the flux can be calculated if the contact area between the gas and the liquid as well as the amount of CO2 absorbed per unit of time is known. The flux can be calculated from equation (3): (3) PCO2,in and PCO2,out are the partial pressure of CO2 in the inlet and outlet of the chambers which can be measured, P is the pressure in the chamber which can be measured by a pressure transducer, Qg is the flow rate of gas at the entrance of the chamber (m3/sec), including the water and solvent in the gas phase. The flow rates of water and solvent in the chamber are calculated with the thermodynamic model. Vm is the molar volume at the experimental conditions (mol/m3) and A is the contact area between the gas and the liquid. Therefore, by measuring the absorption flux at different partial pressures of CO2 and by using equation (1), it is possible to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient KG by plotting the flux as a function of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the chamber. After this part of experiment, we are able to screen some promising mixed solvents and carry out subsequent experiment with them. Work plan 2: evaluate CO2 loading capacity of different mixed solvents (years 3-4) In this section, graduate students need to measure CO2 loading capacity of the left mixed solvent with vapor-liquid equilibrium system. The vapor–liquid equilibrium system includes a CO2 supplier, a reactor, a measuring device that indicates temperature and pressure, and a computer that records CO2 pressure immediately. The reactor is batch reactor with a magnetic stirrer at the bottom to increase the gas–liquid contact area. Equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 in the reactor can be expressed as follows: P*CO2=P*-P0 (4) P* is the equilibrium pressure at the absorption equilibrium and P0 is the initial pressure. The mole of the CO2 entered can be calculated by the ideal gas law as follows: nSCO2= (5) PSi is the initial pressure of supplier. PSt is the pressure of supplier after injection of CO2. VS is the volume of supplier, TS is the temperature of supplier and R is gas constant. The mole of gaseous CO2 in the reactor at equilibrium can also be determined by the ideal gas law. nRCO2= (6) In the above equation, PRi is the initial pressure of reactor. PRt is the pressure of reactor after equilibrium VR, TR are volume of reactor and temperature of reactor, respectively. Eventually, the total amount of absorbed CO2 can be determined by Eq (7). nabsorbedCO2=nSCO2-nRCO2 (7) The loading capacity can be expressed by molar solubility which is the mole of the CO2 absorbed divided by the mole of absorbent: NCO2loading= (8) By comparing CO2 loading capacity, we are able to get rid of some mixed solvents with poor CO2 loading capacity. Then, left mixed solvents are selected for further research. The concentration of mixed solvents is also very important. In order to get the specific concentration at which mixed solvent can work best, wetted wall column experiments and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments are required to conduct repetitively. Work plan 3: Simulation of process (years 4-5) In case, we can obtain suitable mixed solvents from above sections and according to the kinetics study in work plan 1, graduate students will be assigned to simulate the process of CO2 capture pilot plant using chemical absorption method. The simulation is manipulated with Aspen plus Software. The objectives of this work are as follows: Firstly, by carrying out the simulation, we can collect the data of CO2 removal efficiency. Besides, the simulation can help to determine the energy consumption in the CO2 capture pilot plant. Based on these data, we can screen the mixed solvents which can reduce the processing cost. Moreover, the simulation of the process is also an efficient way to evaluate a capture process and to optimize the process in order to reduce the heat, water and electricity consumption. At last, when further research is done such as test the solvent performance in a pilot plant, we can compare the data collected from the pilot plants with simulation data to perform the v erification. 4 Anticipated significance of the work After devoting over five years to this project, we hope to find a better absorbent by developing mixed solvent in CO2 capture technology. This outcome will not only increase the efficiency of the chemical absorption CO2 capture technology but also reduce the energy consumption of this technology. Since the chemical absorption technology is widely used for CO2 capture, the discovery of an innovative solvent will definitely make this technology more competitive. 5 Training for graduate students and researchers This project will develop graduate students’ skills of carrying out wetted water column and vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments as well as the ability to calculate mass transfer rate and CO2 loading capacity. In addition, graduate students will also obtain the skills of processing and analyzing data. This project also requires students have skills of using software related to chemical engineering such as Aspen plus. The working experience on the project will provide students ability of performing multi-task, creativity, critical thinking ability, detail-oriented characteristic. The ability will be significantly helpful for their future career and will make them competitive among peers. Reference [1] Jinzhao Liu. Study on mass transfer and kinetics of CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia and piperazine blended solutions [J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 75: 298-308. [2] Hendy Thee, Yohanes A. Suryaputradinata, Kathryn A. A kinetic and process modeling study of CO2 capture with MEA-promoted potassium carbonate solutions [J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2012, 210: 271-279. [3] Victor Darde. CO2 capture using aqueous ammonia: kinetic study and process simulation [J]. ScienceDirect, 2011,4: 1443-1450. [4] Dey A, Aroonwilas A. CO2 absorption into MEA-AMP blend: mass transfer and absorber height index. Energy Procedia 2009. [5] Mondal MK. Solubility of carbon dioxide in an aqueous blend of diethanolamine and piperazine. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data 2009;54: 2381e5. [6] Lepaumier H, Martin S, Picq D, Delfort B, Carrette PL. New amines for CO2 capture III, effect of alkyl chain length between amine functions on polyamines degradation. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research 2010; 49:4553e60. [7] Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Post-combustion CO2 capture technology [8] Yaser Khojasteh Salkuyeh. Reduction of CO2 capture plant energy requirement by selecting a suitable solvent and analyzing the operating parameters [J]. Energy Research, 2012, 37: 973-981.

Comparing Mens Assumptions in Susan Glaspells Trifles and Henrik Ibse

Men's Assumptions in Trifles and A Doll House There are many similarities in the relationships between men and women in Susan Glaspell's Trifles and Henrik Ibsen's A Doll House. The conflict in each play is the result of incorrect assumptions made by the males of a male-dominated society. The men believe that women focus on trivial matters and are incapable of intelligent thinking, while the women quietly prove the men's assumptions wrong. In the plays Trifles and A Doll House men believe women only focus on trivial matters. While Mrs. Wright is being held in jail for the murder of her husband, she is concerned about the cold weather causing her jars of fruit to freeze and burst. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale discuss Mrs. Wright's concern over her canned fruit after finding a broken jar. Mrs. Peters voices Mrs. Wright's concern, "She said the fir'd go out and her jars would break" (Glaspell 1.27). The Sheriff's response is, "Well can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves" (Glaspell 1.28). The women realize the hard work involved in canning this fruit and understand Mrs. Wright's concern. The men see this as unimportant compared to the trouble Mrs. Wright is facing. Likewise, in Isben's play A Doll House Helmer believes that his wife Nora only focuses on trivial matters. Three weeks prior to Christmas Nora spent every evening working alone. Helmer believes that Nora is making the family Christmas ornaments and other treats for the Christmas holidays. In reality, Nora is working for money to repay a loan that she illegally acquired when Helmer was ill. The house cat is blamed for destroying the nonexisting ornaments. Helmer reminds her of the long hours spent away from the family. Helmer sa... ...n, John S. Ibsen: The Open Vision. 1982. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Glaspell, Susan. "Trifles." Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company,   Inc., 1920. Reprinted in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama.   X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Eds. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1995.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2000. 127-137. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. 1564-1612. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.    Comparing Men's Assumptions in Susan Glaspell's Trifles and Henrik Ibse Men's Assumptions in Trifles and A Doll House There are many similarities in the relationships between men and women in Susan Glaspell's Trifles and Henrik Ibsen's A Doll House. The conflict in each play is the result of incorrect assumptions made by the males of a male-dominated society. The men believe that women focus on trivial matters and are incapable of intelligent thinking, while the women quietly prove the men's assumptions wrong. In the plays Trifles and A Doll House men believe women only focus on trivial matters. While Mrs. Wright is being held in jail for the murder of her husband, she is concerned about the cold weather causing her jars of fruit to freeze and burst. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale discuss Mrs. Wright's concern over her canned fruit after finding a broken jar. Mrs. Peters voices Mrs. Wright's concern, "She said the fir'd go out and her jars would break" (Glaspell 1.27). The Sheriff's response is, "Well can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin' about her preserves" (Glaspell 1.28). The women realize the hard work involved in canning this fruit and understand Mrs. Wright's concern. The men see this as unimportant compared to the trouble Mrs. Wright is facing. Likewise, in Isben's play A Doll House Helmer believes that his wife Nora only focuses on trivial matters. Three weeks prior to Christmas Nora spent every evening working alone. Helmer believes that Nora is making the family Christmas ornaments and other treats for the Christmas holidays. In reality, Nora is working for money to repay a loan that she illegally acquired when Helmer was ill. The house cat is blamed for destroying the nonexisting ornaments. Helmer reminds her of the long hours spent away from the family. Helmer sa... ...n, John S. Ibsen: The Open Vision. 1982. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Glaspell, Susan. "Trifles." Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company,   Inc., 1920. Reprinted in Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama.   X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia Eds. New York: Harper Collins Publisher, 1995.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Glaspell, Susan. Trifles. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin's, 2000. 127-137. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll House (1879). Trans. Rolf Fjelde. Rpt. in Michael Meyer, ed. The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 5th edition. Boston & New York: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 1999. 1564-1612. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.